International Olympic Committee. International Olympic Committee - file n1.doc In what year and where was the IOC created

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Long time International Olympic Committee(IOC) and the leading figures of the international Olympic movement, relying on the theory of “apolitical sport,” isolated themselves from active work in defense of peace. Thus, the IOC did not support the Moscow Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. The very framework of the Olympic movement for a long time prevented the participation of Olympic athletes in active speeches for peace, since the conditions of the Olympic Games in accordance with their rules prohibited any kind of political acacias. In 1967, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for the first time in history adopted an Appeal to athletes of all countries with a call to defend and strengthen peace as the only condition for the existence of international and national sports. The Olympic Congress, held in Varna in 1973, was held under the motto “Sport in the service of peace.”

IN last years New steps have been taken in the Olympic movement aimed at increasing the role of sport in strengthening peace and international understanding, and in the implementation of other humanistic values. So, on October 25, 1993, at the 48th session of the UN General Assembly without voting, i.e. unanimously, the resolution on the Olympic Truce was adopted, initiated by 121 states. Thus, for the first time in the history of the Olympic movement, a large-scale campaign in support of peace was announced. On December 5, 1994, the 49th session of the UN General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution “For establishing a better and more lasting world through sport,” initiated by 141 states. On November 6, 1995, for the first time in history, IOC President H.A. Samaranch spoke from the rostrum of the UN, which was celebrating its half-century anniversary. This happened during a debate on the theme “Forging a better and more lasting world through sport and the Olympic ideal”, held during the 50th session of the UN General Assembly. In the final resolution, the draft of which was read by two-time Olympic champion in gymnastics Bart Conner, the UN General Assembly noted the IOC’s contribution to establishing mutual understanding between peoples and strengthening peace on the planet, and also called on the world community to observe the “Olympic Truce” during the Olympic Games. On November 25, 1997, the 52nd session of the UN General Assembly, at the initiative of the IOC and with the support of a record number of states in UN history - 178 - adopted a resolution calling on all members of the world community to observe the “Olympic Truce” during the XVIII Winter Olympic Games of 1998 in Nagano. The international center “For the Olympic Truce”, created by the IOC and the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, began to function.

Activities within the framework of the Olympic Solidarity program have been intensified. Under this program, the IOC provides technical and financial support to 200 National Olympic Committees, including the least affluent, to further develop Olympic education, sport and culture. The International Olympic Development Forum was created with the aim of developing a mechanism for consultation and cooperation between developed countries that consider sport as an element of the technical assistance program for developing countries, on the one hand, and the Olympic movement, inter- and non-governmental organizations, on the other hand. Together with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the IOC provided food assistance to children in Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Rwanda, as well as sports equipment in refugee camps from Kosovo, Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and other countries. The IOC cooperates with the UN Development Program in the fight against poverty. In Cambodia, Ecuador and Tanzania, sports and recreation projects have been launched in collaboration with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization for poor, isolated communities with large proportions of youth among the population. The connection between the development of sports and human well-being led to the actions of the UN General Assembly, which proclaimed 1994, the centenary year of the creation of the International Olympic Committee, as the “International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal.”

For more than half a century, the Olympic movement has discussed the issue of creating equal conditions for athletes different countries in their preparation for the Olympic Games. In recent years, this idea has begun to come to life thanks to the funds of Olympic Solidarity. Thus, since 1989, the IOC began to pay scholarships to high-quality athletes from developing countries so that they could systematically prepare abroad for the Olympic Games. 158 Olympic Solidarity scholarship holders competed at the Games of the XXVI Olympiad in Atlanta, and four of them became Olympic champions, another 14 won medals. No less impressive are the data on the provision of assistance to athletes preparing for the XVIII Winter Olympic Games in 1998 in Nagano. Olympic Solidarity scholarships were awarded to 346 athletes. 220 of them passed the pre-Olympic selection and performed in Nagano. Four won medals, another 37 received Olympic diplomas, taking places from fourth to eighth. Thus, the IOC, which allowed professionals to participate in the Olympic Games, is at the same time doing everything possible to ensure that the Olympic Games are truly universal and that the maximum number of athletes can compete for Olympic awards.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has taken important steps to prohibit political and racial discrimination. In particular, he decided to entrust the organization of the Olympic Games only to those countries where the free participation of all Olympic committees is guaranteed. The IOC's achievements in recent years also include the campaign against apartheid in South Africa, organized in accordance with the basic principles of the Olympic Charter, and the role it played in ending apartheid. At a time when South Africa's fledgling democracy had not yet joined intergovernmental organizations, athletes from all countries welcomed the return of its athletes to the 25th Olympic Games in Barcelona (1992).

In recent years, certain measures have been taken to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of sports. The IOC has decided that every new sport included in the Olympic Games program must provide for the possibility of women's participation in this sport. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has called on members of the Olympic family to ensure that women occupy at least 10% of legislative and executive positions by 2000, and at least 20% by 2005.

The IOC's efforts to establish close contacts with interstate international organizations, primarily with the UN and various organizations included in its system, have intensified. A number of projects have been carried out together with UNESCO, for example, the World Forum on physical activity and sports in Canada and the “Education for Olympism” seminar in Mozambique. Back in 1984, the IOC and UNESCO agreed to cooperate.

On October 21, 1998, IOC President H.A. Samaranch and UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor signed a new agreement in Paris, providing for closer cooperation between the two organizations “in the physical and sports education for physical, mental and social development youth." In 1997, a cooperation agreement was concluded between the IOC and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, according to which both parties assumed responsibility for carrying out specific actions of international solidarity in support of the rural population.

Work on Olympic education for children and youth has intensified, and the fight against doping and the use of medications that are harmful to the health of athletes has been intensified. The activities of national Olympic committees, as well as their world organization (ANOC) and continental associations of NOCs, have intensified in these areas. In 1994, the IOC, together with the World Health Organization, held the World Congress “Sport for All - Health for All” in Uruguay. In 1995, together with the UN Program for International Drug Control, the International Conference “Sport against Drugs” was held in Italy, and together with the UN Environmental Program - the World Conference “Sport and the Environment”.

There have been organizational changes in the IOC itself. Its composition has been significantly updated and increased. For the first time, women appeared in the IOC. The number of standing commissions of the IOC has increased, and such as the athletes’ commission, the “sport for all” commission, the “Apartheid and Olympism” commission, etc. have appeared. A number of actions indicate the IOC’s increased attention to cultural issues and the strengthening of the connection between sport and art. These are, for example, cultural events during the Olympic Games, holding Olympic competition“Art and Sports - 2000”, the formation of the international institute “Cultural Olympics”, which is designed to be responsible for holding Cultural Olympics during the Summer Olympic Games, etc. The International Olympic Academy and National Olympic Academies make a significant contribution to strengthening the humanistic orientation of the Olympic movement, international organization of the Special Olympics (for persons with intellectual disabilities), International Olympic Center for Peace and Culture (Greece), Olympic Museum in Lausanne, etc.

Noting these steps of humanistic orientation in the Olympic movement, promoting its more active role in the formation and implementation of the values of sustainable development and a culture of peace, it is necessary to note something else - a pragmatic approach is gaining an increasingly strong position in it, according to which the main value of this movement is the sport itself (especially elite sports) and sports records, regardless of what they are used for, what purposes they serve. The main attention is increasingly directed towards the comprehensive development of sports competitions, encouraging high sporting achievements, records and winners.

Here are just a few facts that provide grounds for such a conclusion. The IOC has refused and is refusing all proposals to replace the officially adopted motto of the Olympic movement “Citius” with a motto with a more pronounced humanistic orientation. Altius. Fortius" ("Faster, higher, stronger"). This proposal was made by many scientists and public figures. But this motto guides athletes only to high achievements. At least, as I. Heinrich, a professor of physical education from France, notes, it can be interpreted in two ways: firstly, in the sense of such a balance in the human condition, which presupposes harmony, eurhythmia and a personal ideal in social integration; secondly, in the sense of such a super task, when everything is subordinated to the goal of achieving success at any cost in any field of activity, be it sports, politics, the social sphere or the economic field.

An important humanistic provision of the previous version of the charter (1979) was excluded from the new edition of the Olympic Charter (1996): “The Olympic Games were revived by Baron de Coubertin not only so that participants could compete for medals, break records and entertain the public, and not for to provide participants with a springboard into professional sports careers or to demonstrate the superiority of one political system over another.”

Although the fundamental changes that have taken place in the world in recent years have largely removed the severity of the political confrontation between the leading world powers and, accordingly, the degree of political interest in the results shown in the sports arena, the use of sport in self-serving political and propaganda continues. purposes. Almost all countries continue to count the medals and places won by their athletes, and use the successes achieved to increase prestige, increase the influence of the country on the world stage, to prove “the superiority of a given way of life or the greater vitality inherent in a given people.”

There have been no significant changes in the Olympic movement in terms of preventing that negative phenomenon in this area, which is usually referred to as cultural hegemony - most of the sports and sports disciplines included in the Olympic program are of Western origin and, therefore, the Olympic Games , although they are international, include a huge number of countries in their orbit, but many nations that would like to make their cultural contribution to “international understanding” through these Games have little chance in this regard, since they are forced to accept a purely Western view of the world sports.

The commercialization of sports and the Olympic movement had a particularly strong negative impact on the implementation of humanistic ideals and values of Olympism, as noted at the 36th session of the IOA (1993). One of the clearest manifestations of its negative role is the crisis that erupted in the IOC at the end of 1998 and beginning of 1999 in connection with the so-called corruption case. Former Australian Sports Minister Andrew Thomson said he was shocked by news of corruption in the IOC and believes that after such a scandal, the organization simply should not exist. Thomson proposed abandoning the Olympics in the coming century and creating major competitions global scale, united by some other idea.

Thus, there is a certain inconsistency of the Olympic movement in the implementation of humanistic ideals and values, a contradiction between the ideals it proclaims and the course towards commercialization and professionalization.

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National University of Physical Education and Sports of Ukraine

Essay

on the topic of:"IOC Presidents"

Completed by: 3rd year student

Groups No. 91

Voinovsky Yaroslav

Introduction

1. First IOC President Vikelas Demetrius (1894-1896)

2. Second IOC President Pierre de Coubertin (1896-1915), (1919-1925)

3. Interim President Godfrey de Blaunay (1916-1919), acting - Switzerland

4. Third IOC President Henri de Bayeux-Latour (1925-1942)

5. Fourth IOC President Johannes Siegfried Edström (1942-1952)

6. Fifth IOC President Avery Brundage (1952-1972)

7. Sixth IOC President Michael Morris Killanin (1972 - 1980)

8. Seventh IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch (1980 - 2001)

9. Eighth IOC President Jacques Rogge (2001 to present)

List of used literature

Introduction

Each of the nine IOC presidents is an individual who saw something different in the Olympic movement. But all of them were united by the desire to develop this branch of human activity. The first presidents were pioneers who went a long way from the idea to bringing the Olympic Games to life. They made the Olympic Games not only a sporting competition, but also a celebration of culture, the unity of countries, and generally a grandiose event that embraces everyone. But it didn’t end there, because creating the Olympic Games is one thing, but supporting, popularizing and developing them is something completely different. Subsequent IOC presidents took up this issue. These people brought something of their own, removed the old, added new, and it is thanks to their work that we can now see the modern Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Deaflympic Games and Junior Games. The IOC also sponsors and encourages the development of sports in all countries of the world without exception. And for every athlete, the very honorable title is the title of Olympic champion.

The purpose of this essay is to reveal the work and biography of each president of the International Olympic Committee. A description of their work in their post, their contribution to the promotion and popularization of the Olympic Games in the world.

1. First IOC President Vikelas Demetrius (1894-1896)

Demetrius Vikelas was born in the city of Ermoupolis on the island of Syros (Greece). His father was from Constantinople, his mother from Odessa. I grew up as a sickly child. Due to poor health, he studied irregularly.

As a child, Demetrius often visited relatives in Constantinople, Taganrog, and Odessa. He was interested in foreign languages, literature, art, and took up translations. His father, a grain trader, tried to introduce his son to business, but in 1851 his company went bankrupt, and Demetrius went to Italy, then to France, in search of work, and at the age of 17 he moved to London, where he began working in his uncle’s company, first as an accountant , then a full business partner. The family business brought good income. In London, Vikelas met and became friends with the son of the Greek ambassador, Charilaos Trikoupis, the future Prime Minister of Greece.

In 1894, Vikelas, at the invitation of his friend Pierre de Coubertin, represented the Panhellenic Club of Athens at the congress he convened in Paris. A decision was made to found the modern Olympic Movement. Vikelas gave a report on the ancient Olympic Games, written for him by one of his compatriots.

Coubertin initially proposed holding the first new Olympic Games in Paris in 1900, but Vikelas convinced him and the newly created International Olympic Committee that the Games should be held in Athens, which would symbolize the continuity of the new Olympic Games with the ancient Greek ones. Since the IOC constitution at the time required that the committee president be a representative of the country hosting the next Olympic Games, Demetrius Vikelas was elected as the first IOC president. Thanks to Vikelas' personal connections and influence, it was possible to solve numerous problems that the organizers of the Games faced.

The organizers feared that if they waited until 1900, society would lose interest in the Games. Therefore, the first Olympics took place already in 1896 and was a great success. After its closure, Vikelas resigned as president of the IOC and returned to studying the problems of upbringing and education, which had always interested him.

Vikelas was so inspired by the success of the Athens Games that at the Second Olympic Congress in 1897 in Le Havre, he proposed that the Olympic Games should be held permanently in Greece. The majority of the delegates, including Coubertin, spoke out sharply against this. Vikelas pulled away from the Olympic movement and completely switched to realizing his creative ideas. So in 1904 he organized a congress on education in Athens.

2. Second IOC President Pierre de Coubertin (1896-1915), (1919-1925)

Born in Paris into an aristocratic family, the third child of Charles Louis de Fredy and Agathe-Gabrielle de Mirville. Having visited a number of colleges and universities in Great Britain and America, I decided to diversify my education. Coubertin attached great importance to sports as an important component of the lives of young people, one of the conditions for the harmonious development of personality. In particular, Coubertin was fond of rugby and acted as a referee at the final match of the first French championship between the Racing Metro and Stade Français teams. The third president of the IOC was Henri de Bayeux-Latour (1925-1942).

Coubertin thought a lot about the idea of holding international competitions to popularize sports. Noticing the increased public interest in the Ancient Olympic Games, caused by high-profile archaeological discoveries in Olympia, Coubertin developed a project for the revival of the Olympic Games and delivered a report on “The Revival of Olympism” on November 25, 1892 at the Sorbonne, the world-famous University of Paris.

On June 23, 1894, Coubertin's efforts were crowned with success. At the congress at the Sorbonne, a historic decision was made: “Since there is no doubt about the advantages presented by the revival of the Olympic Games, both from a sporting and international point of view, let these games be revived on principles that meet the requirements modern life". The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was also established, in which Coubertin took the position of Secretary General. It was decided to hold the Games every four years. After discussion, the congress supported the proposal of Coubertin's friend Demetrius Vikelas to hold the First Olympic Games of our time in Athens, as a sign of continuity with the Games antiquity, Demetrius Vikelas was elected president of the Olympic Committee.

The games took place in the summer of 1896 and were a great success. After their completion, Coubertin took the vacant seat of IOC President.

Subsequently, the Olympic movement had to face serious difficulties, since the next Games - 1900 in Paris and 1904 in St. Louis - attracted little attention against the background of the World Exhibition taking place simultaneously with them. The situation changed by 1906, when the so-called Intermediate Games took place in Athens, and the Olympic Games became the most significant sporting event.

For the 1912 Games in Stockholm, Pierre de Coubertin created a new sports discipline - modern pentathlon.

From 1912 to 1948, Art Competitions were held at the Olympic Games, included in the program of the Games on the initiative of Pierre de Coubertin. In 1912, participating under a pseudonym in the Art Competition at the V Olympic Games in Stockholm, Pierre de Coubertin won gold medal for "Ode to Sports" (nomination - literature).

In 1916, at the height of the First World War, Coubertin put on his uniform and went to the front, where he joined the French army. Under these conditions, he could not and did not consider it possible to remain as president of the IOC. Coubertin insisted on transferring powers to one of the committee members, Godefroy de Blonay, as a representative of neutral Switzerland. A year after the end of the war, in 1919, Coubertin again headed the International Olympic Committee.

After the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, which were significantly more successful than the 1900 Games, Coubertin resigned as president of the IOC. The new head of the committee was the Belgian Henri de Bayeux-Latour.

Pierre de Coubertin remained Honorary President of the IOC until the end of his life. He died in 1937 in Geneva and was buried in Lausanne, the city where the IOC headquarters is located. His heart was buried separately, in a monument near the ruins of ancient Olympia.

3. Interim President Godfrey de Blaunay (1916-1919), acting - Switzerland

Godefroy de Blonay (fr. Godefroy de Blonay; July 25, 1869, Niederschönthal, Switzerland - February 14, 1937, Biskra, Algeria) - Swiss baron, member of the International Olympic Committee.

Member of the International Olympic Committee since 1899, the first representative of Switzerland in this organization, the closest confidant of the founder and second president of the IOC, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. When Coubertin joined the French army during World War I, Blonnet replaced him as president of the IOC, as a representative of a neutral state, and served from January 1916 to January 1919.

Godefroy De Blaunay was one of the founders of the Swiss Olympic Committee, formed in 1912, and served as president of this organization until 1915.

4. Third IOC President Henri de Bayeux-Latour (1925-1942)

Count Henri de Bayeux-Latour was born on March 1, 1876 in Brussels, in the family of the former governor of the province of Antwerp.

Since childhood, he was actively involved in sports and was an excellent horseman. He graduated from the University of Leuven, after which he entered the diplomatic service and carried out assignments for the Belgian government. He worked in the Netherlands as a diplomatic representative of his country.

Bayeux-Latour became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1903, and in 1906 he co-founded the Belgian Olympic Committee, which he then headed. In 1919, the Belgian city of Antwerp received the right to host the 1920 VII Olympic Games. Bayeux-Latour had just one year to prepare the city for the Olympics. The task was complicated by the dire consequences of the just ended First World War. Bayeux-Latour coped with all the difficulties, which increased his authority in the IOC, and the games were a success.

Bayeux-Latour was the chairman of the IOC commission to develop rules for the organizers of the Games. Representatives of the NOC had the opportunity to visit the capital of the future Olympic Games and get acquainted with the conditions of the athlete’s stay and the level of organization of the competition. Bayeux-Latour was the initiator of the publication of a special IOC newsletter in four languages, the appointment of Olympic attachés and the creation of a separate NOC office in each country.

Henri de Bayeux-Latour was elected president of the International Olympic Committee in 1925, after its founder, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, became honorary president of the IOC, effectively retiring from committee affairs.

Bayeux-Latour's management methods were radically different from the democratic methods of Pierre de Coubertin. After becoming president of the IOC, Bayeux-Latour created an oligarchic system of governance, strengthening the influence of the executive committee. Not a single major decision was made without the approval of the executive committee. At the same time, Bayeux-Latour sought to ensure the best interaction between committee members and guarantee the transparency of decisions made. The IOC management system created under Bayeux-Latour is still in effect today.

Among other things, Bayeux-Latour was responsible for hosting the XI Olympic Games in 1936 in Nazi Germany. The IOC received an appeal from the International Committee for the Preservation of the Olympic Spirit, created in connection with the tightening of the Nazi regime in Germany, the growth of chauvinism and anti-Semitism. The committee proposed that the IOC boycott the Nazi regime and move the Games from Berlin to Barcelona. The IOC did not support the idea of a boycott, but demanded that the organizers of the Games strictly comply with the rules of the Olympic Charter and guarantee equal conditions for preparation and participation in the Games for all athletes. These demands were voiced at the Vienna session of the IOC in 1933, where Henri de Bayeux-Latour was re-elected president for another term - until 1941.

During his presidency, Bayeux-Latour put a lot of effort into distinguishing the concepts of amateur and professional sports. He insisted that professionals had no place in the Olympic Games, that the principle of amateurism was unshakable, and that the spirit of “fair-play” was the basis of the Olympic movement. So from Olympic program Tennis, baseball, and rugby were withdrawn, which caused conflicts between the IOC and various sports federations, in particular the football and skiing federations. In turn, Bayeux-Latour raised the issue of delimiting the powers of the IOC and the IFU, and sought complete autonomy and independence of the International Olympic Committee.

Bayeux-Latour actively supported the idea of holding the Winter Olympic Games and the participation of women in competitions. During his presidency, the approval of women's disciplines in the Olympic program began: in athletics, gymnastics, swimming, skiing and speed skating, fencing.

Henri de Bayeux-Latour put a lot of effort into creating optimal permanent Olympic and demonstration programs, awards became uniform for all Games and sports, and the winners of cultural competitions received the title of “Olympic champions.”

Bayeux-Latour headed the IOC until his death, after which, in 1942, he was replaced in this post by Vice President Siegfried Edström.

During the presidency of Count Henri de Bayeux-Latour, the 1928 Olympic Games were held in Amsterdam, 1932 in Los Angeles and 1936 in Berlin, as well as the 1928 Winter Olympic Games in St. Moritz, 1932 in Lake Placid and 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The 1940 games in Helsinki and St. Moritz did not take place due to World War II.

5. Fourth IOC President Johannes Siegfried Edström (1942-1952)

Siegfried Edström (Swedish) Sigfrid Edström) (September 21, 1870 - March 18, 1964) - fourth president of the International Olympic Committee, first president of the International Association of Athletics Federations, a Swedish citizen.

Born in the small village of Morlanda on the island of Orust, in southern Sweden. He received his education at the University of Gothenburg, later in Switzerland and the USA. In my youth I was fond of athletics. From 1903 to 1933 he worked as a director at the industrial company Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget, and from 1934 to 1939 he was president of the board of directors.

In the early 1910s, he was involved in organizing and holding the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. During the games, he was one of the initiators of the International Association of Athletics Federations created on June 17, 1912, becoming its first president, and remained in office until 1946.

In 1920 he became a member of the IOC, and in 1931 he assumed the position of vice-president of the IOC. In 1942, after the death of the fourth IOC President, Henri de Bayeux-Latour, he was appointed acting IOC President until the end of World War II. In 1946 he was officially elected president. He played an important role in the formation of the International Olympic Committee in the difficult post-war years for the entire world sport. He resigned in 1952 and was succeeded by the American Avery Brundage.

6. Fifth IOC President Avery Brundage (1952-1972)

Avery Brundage Avery Brundage, September 28, 1887, Detroit, Michigan, USA - May 8, 1975, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany) - American athlete and sports functionary, member and president of the IOC, collector and philanthropist. The only non-European to serve as IOC President. Participant in the 1912 Olympic Games in the athletics decathlon.

Born in Detroit, the son of a stonemason, he received a degree in civil engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1909.

In his only Olympic appearance, he was sixth in the track and field pentathlon and 22nd in the discus throw. In the decathlon, after eight disciplines, he took one of the last places and therefore dropped out of the competition. In the pentathlon, he moved up one step only after Jim Thorpe was disqualified, which was later overturned.

He was president of the American National Olympic Committee (1928-1952) and president of the International Olympic Committee from 1952 to 1972. Only Pierre de Coubertin and Juan Antonio Samaranch stood at the head of the IOC longer than Brundage.

As president of the NOC, the United States opposed the boycott of the 1936 Olympic Games, considering the idea of a boycott to be a “Zionist plot.” As president of the IOC in 1972, he decided to continue the Munich Olympic Games despite the terrorist attack by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September, which killed 12 people

7. Sixth IOC President Michael Morris Killanin (1972 - 1980)

Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin) (30 July 1914, London - 25 April 1999, Dublin) - sixth President of the International Olympic Committee, an Irish citizen.

Born in London, he received his education at Eton College and then at the Sorbonne. In the mid-1930s he began his career as a journalist, working for the Daily Mail. In 1938, he went as a military journalist to the Sino-Japanese War, in the same year he was drafted into the army, rose to the rank of major, and took part in the development and planning of the Normandy operation. In 1944, he was awarded the Order of the British Empire for military services. After the end of the Second World War, he was demobilized and returned to Ireland.

In 1950 he became the head of the Irish Olympic Committee, in 1952 he became the IOC representative from Ireland. In 1968 he became vice-president of the IOC, and on August 24, 1972, at the 73rd session of the IOC in Munich, he was elected president of the International Olympic Committee. During his tenure as president, the Olympic Movement experienced a difficult period, dealing with the financial failure of the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal and boycotts of the 1976 and 1980 games. Olympic capitals winter games 1980 - Lake Placid, and the 1984 Summer Games - Los Angeles, were approved as venues for the Olympic Games without alternative, as the only candidates, which in turn grossly contradicts the principles and rules of the IOC. Michael Morris Killanin retired in 1980, shortly before the games in Moscow, and was succeeded by the Spaniard Juan Antonio Samaranch. He passed away in 1999 at the age of 84, at his home in Dublin, and is buried in the family cemetery in Galway city.

8. Seventh IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch (1980 - 2001)

Samaranch was born on July 17, 1920 in Barcelona, Spain, into a wealthy family. As a child, he played roller hockey. During the Spanish Civil War, he was drafted as a corpsman into the Republican Forces in 1938, at the age of 18. Since he was a political opponent of the Republic, he soon fled to France. But he quickly returned to nationalist Spain and joined the Francoist Phalanx.

After the defeat of the Republic in 1939, Samaranch studied commerce at the IESE Business School in Barcelona. He had a short career as a sports journalist for the newspaper La Prensa, which ended with his dismissal in 1943 for criticizing Real Madrid supporters after an 11-1 win against Barcelona. After this he returned to his family's textile business. He became a member of the board of directors of la Caixa, Spain's largest savings bank, in 1984 and served as president from 1987 to 1999. He remained honorary president after his resignation in 1999, until his death.

Samaranch worked in the municipal government of Barcelona, and was responsible for sports, from 1955 to 1962. He was a procurador (Spanish - procurador de Cortes Espaсolas) - a member of the lower house of parliament during last decade Franco's regime, from 1967 until the restoration of democracy in 1977.

1955-1962 - Sports Advisor to the Barcelona Municipal Council.

He repeatedly led the Spanish delegation to various events related to the Olympic movement, and was appointed chairman of the Spanish Olympic Committee by dictator Francisco Franco in 1966. Samaranch became a member of the IOC that same year.

In 1967 - national delegate for physical education and sports.

Since 1973 - Chairman of the Provincial Council of Barcelona.

From 1974 to 1978 he served as vice-president of the IOC.

From 1977 to 1980 he held the post of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Spain to the USSR and Mongolia.

Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected President of the IOC on the eve of the Moscow Olympics-80. In his actions, he repeatedly expressed support for Moscow.

For his contribution to the Olympic movement, the King of Spain in 1991 awarded Samaranch the title of Marquis (Don).

On April 20, 2010, Samaranch was taken to a Barcelona hospital with a diagnosis of acute heart failure. He died on April 21

At the end of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, the 6th IOC President, Lord Killanin, was removed from office due to the expiration of the IOC's term of office, and Samaranch was elected as a successor.

During his reign, Samaranch managed to make the Olympic movement financially self-sufficient, organizing sponsorship of events and contractual television broadcasts, bringing large sums to the IOC budget. Despite the boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics by the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries, the number of countries participating in the Olympic Games constantly grew from event to event, and the level of athletes competing in the competitions also increased - due to an increase in the overall level and standards for entry into the number of athletes. representatives of countries.

Samaranch's reign was an absolute salvation for the IOC, which practically died financially during the crisis of the 1970s, when there was even a moment when the host city of the games (Denver) refused to host them in 1976. Before this, all financial expenses were borne solely by the host party - the Olympic Committee of the country in which the games were held. In many ways, it was the fact of seeking financial support and the fact of allowing only professional athletes to the games that served Samaranch’s opponents, giving rise to rumors about the excessive commercialization of the Olympic movement and leading to accusations of corruption.

It was during the reign of the IOC Samaranch that the rule of addressing him, as the chairman of the IOC, “Your Excellency” was introduced. Samaranch also always met and escorted a limousine with a driver everywhere and expected presidential hotel rooms in any city, wherever and whenever he appeared. Thus, during the president’s stay in Lausanne, Switzerland, approximately $500,000 per year was spent on his accommodation.

Juan Antonio Samaranch entered the history of the Olympic movement as the man who revived the Olympic movement, which was beginning to fade away.

9. Eighth IOC President Jacques Rogge (2001 to present)

olympiad president mok sport

Born in Ghent, graduated from Ghent University. Profession: orthopedic surgeon. Athlete: engaged in professional sailing, participated in the 68 Olympics, 72 Olympics and 76 Olympics. He played rugby for the Belgium national team. He was knighted by His Majesty King Albert II of Belgium and also received the title of Count.

He served as President of the Belgian Olympic Committee in 1989-1992 and as President of the European Olympic Committee in 1989-2001, thus combining both posts in the first four years. Became a member of the IOC in 1991 and joined the IOC Executive Committee in 1998.

In 2001, he was elected president of the International Olympic Committee at the Committee session in Moscow, becoming the successor to H.A. Samaranch.

Under Rogge's leadership, the IOC is committed to creating more opportunities for developing countries to participate in the process of nominating cities to compete for the Olympic Games. He is confident that serious results in this matter will be achieved in the foreseeable future through both government support and the policies of the IOC itself, reducing the cost of hosting the Olympic Games by the country.

During the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, J. Rogge became the first president in the history of the IOC to stay in the Olympic Village instead of staying in a five-star hotel, as other IOC members prefer.

In 2008, the Olympic movement held the Games in China for the first time.

conclusions

We briefly reviewed the work of all IOC Presidents. And they could notice how these people tried to do their job as best as possible. They revived the Olympic Games, popularized the sport, innovated the work of the IOC, overcame difficulties, etc.

WITHlist of used literature

1. http://www.olympic-history.ru

2. http://ru.wikipedia.org

3. russian.china.org

4. ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogge,_Jacques

5. "Olympic sport" - V.N. Platonov; Kyiv 1994

Posted on Allbest.ru

IOC Commissions

There are permanent and temporarily created commissions and working groups that study the issues assigned to them and submit them for consideration by the Executive Committee with subsequent approval by the IOC session. Commissions are appointed by the IOC President. Some commissions have existed for many years, others are formed to resolve some local issue, commissions are sometimes merged with each other or divided into two or three, some are abolished completely, new ones appear, etc. As of March 18, 2005, the following work in the IOC commissions:

Commission for Culture and Olympic Education(Commission for Culture and Olumpic Education). It was formed as a result of the merger of the Commission for Culture, created in 1969, and the Commission for the International Olympic Academy, created in 1967. The commission consists of 27 people. Chairman - He Zhenliang, Vice Chairman - Nicos Filaretos.

Athletes Commission(Athletes Commission). Formed on October 27, 1981. The commission consists of 17 people. Chairman - Sergey Bubka, vice-chairman - Prince Albert (Monaco). Honorary member of the commission Peter Thalberg.

Ethics Commission(Ethical Commission). Founded in 1999. It consists of 7 people. The Chairman is Keba Mbaye. Special Representative - Paquerette Girard Zappelli.

Nominations Commission(Nominations Commission). Founded in 1999. It consists of 6 people. The Chairman is Francisco J. Elizalde.

Commission "Women and Sports"(Women and Sport Commission). Transformed from a working group in 2003. It consists of 19 people. Chairperson: Anita L. Defrantz.

Finance commission(Finance Commission). Formed in 1967. It consists of 7 people. Chairman - Richard L. Carrion.

Award Working Group(Remuneration Working Group). Transformed in 2004 from the Council for the Award of the Olympic Order. Consists of IOC Vice-Presidents, chaired by Jacques Rogge. Legal commission(Juridical Commission). Formed in 1975. It interrupted its activities several times, from 1985 to 1988 it was merged with the Commission for the Revision of the Olympic Charter, in 1999 it was abolished, and re-formed in 1993. It consists of 6 people. Chairman - Thomas Bach.

Marketing Commission(Marketing Commission). Formed in 1998 as a result of the transformation of the Commission on New Sources of Financing, which existed since 1984 (in 1982-1983 - the Working Group). It consists of 20 people. Chairman - Gerhard Heiberg.

Medical commission(Medical Commission). Formed in 1966. It consists of 13 people. Chairman - Arne Ljungqvist.

Press Commission(Press Commission). Formed in 1967. It consists of 19 people. The Chairman is Richard Kevan Gosper.

Olympic Program Commission(Olympic Program Commission). Transformed in 1998 from a working group. It consists of 13 people. Chairman - Franco Carraro.

Radio and Television Commission(Radio and Television Commission). Founded in 1986. It consists of 18 people. Chairman - Jacques Rogge.

Olympic Solidarity Commission(Olympic Solidarity Commission). It was formed in 1973 as a result of the merger of the IOC Commission for International Olympic Assistance, created in 1961 (until 1968 - a subcommission), and the Olympic Solidarity Commission, formed under the auspices of the NOC GA. It consists of 12 people. Chairman - Mario Vazquez Rana, Vice-Chairman - Richard Kevan Gosper.

Sports CommissionAndright" (Sport and Law Commission). It consists of 7 people. Chairman - Thomas Bach.

Commission "Sport and Environment"(Sport and Environment Commission). It consists of 15 people. Chairman Pal Schmitt.

Commission "Sports for All"(Sport for All Commission). Formed in 1986 as a result of the transformation of the Commission for Mass Sports, created in 1985 (since 1984 - Working Group). It consists of 24 people. Chairman: Walther Troger.

Coordination CommissionXX winterOlympicgames2006 inTurin(Coordination Commission for the XX Olympic Winter Games - Turin 2006). It consists of 12 people. Chairman - Jean-Claude Killy.

Coordination CommissionGamesXXiX Olympiad2008 inBeijing(Coordination Commission for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad - Beijing 2008). It consists of 15 people. The Chairman is Hein Verbruggen. Vice-Chairman: Richard Kevan Gosper.

Coordination Commission of the XXI Olympic Winter Games 2010 in Vancouver(Coordination Commission for the XXI Olympic Winter Games - Vancouver 2010). It consists of 9 people. Chairman - Rene Fasel.

Evaluation Commission for the election of the capital of the Games of the XXX Olympiad 2012(Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad-2012). It consists of 11 people. The Chairman is Nawal El Moutawakel. For the first time, such a commission was created in 1992 to evaluate candidate cities for the Games of the XXVII Olympiad 2000.

Olympic Philately, Numismatics and Collectibles Commission(Olympic Philately, Numismatic and Memorabilia Commission). Converted from the Olympic Collectors Commission, which included the International Federation of Olympic Philately, the International Federation of Olympic Numismatics and the Association of Olympic Memorabilia Collectors. It consists of 7 people. The Chairman is Juan Antonio Samaranch. Deputy Chairman - Gerhard Heiberg.

International Relations Commission(International Relations Commission). It consists of 14 people. Chairman Guy Drut.

Commission on Television and Internet Rights(TV Rights and New Media Commission). It consists of 6 people. Chairman - Jacques Rogge. Some commissions, having completed their mission, were closed or transformed into others. For example, from 1971 to 1987 there was a Commission on Technical Television. The Commission for the Revision of the Olympic Charter existed in 1984-1990 (in 1982-1993 and 1989-1990 it was a Working Group). The Commission on Greece worked in 1981-1982. In 1981, there was a Commission to study issues related to the IOC headquarters and the Olympic Museum. From 1989 to 1992, the Apartheid and Olympism Commission worked successfully. The Radio Commission worked from 1983 to 1987, and the Media Commission from 1983 to 1988. Over the years, there have been various working groups and subcommittees. For example, the Subcommission for the Protection of the Olympic Games (1982-1983), the working group "Protection and Independence of Sports" (1982-1983), the working group "Arbitration Commission" (1982-1983), the working group "Assistance to NOCs for participation in the Games" ( 1982-1983), Committee for the Study and Evaluation of Preparations for the Olympic Games (1985-1988).

Number of IOC members (by period, continent and country)

First period - 1894-1924

In total, representatives of 45 countries, of which:

2 countries from Australia and Oceania - Australia, New Zealand;

3 countries from Africa - Egypt, Ecuador, South Africa;

5 countries from Asia - India, China, Persia (Iran), Japan;

9 countries from America - Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Chile;

26 countries from Europe - Austria, Belgium, Bohemia / Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Serbia/Yugoslavia , Turkey, Finland, France, Switzerland, Sweden, Yugoslavia.

The total number of elected IOC members is 132 people, of which in the first composition there are 15 people from 12 countries ( Argentina, Belgium, Bohemia/Czechoslovakia, Great Britain, Hungary, Greece, Italy, New Zealand, Russia, USA, France, Sweden).

Second period - 1925-1951

In total, representatives of 9 countries, of which:

1 country from Australia and Oceania - the Philippines;

1 country from Asia - Pakistan;

1 country from America - Guatemala;

6 countries from Europe - Iceland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, USSR, Estonia.

There are 94 elected IOC members in total.

Third period - 1952-1993

There are 39 representatives in total, of which:

3 countries from Australia and Oceania - Indonesia, Malaysia, Samoa;
18 countries from Africa - Algeria, Cameroon, Kenya, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Libya, Mauritius, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Nigeria, Swaziland, Senegal, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Ethiopia;
9 countries from Asia - Iran, Chinese Taipei, Korea, North Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand;
6 countries from America - Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Panama, Puerto Rico, Jamaica;
3 countries from Europe - East Germany, Ireland, Slovakia.

There are 165 elected IOC members in total.

Fourth period since 1994 (as of 2005)

There are 10 representatives in total, of which:

1 country from Australia and Oceania - Fiji;
3 countries from Africa - Guinea, Zimbabwe, South Africa;
1 country from Asia - Israel;
1 country from America - Barbados;
4 countries from Europe - Russia, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Croatia. There are 96 elected IOC members in total.

In total, during the entire existence of the IOC (as of 2005), 487 people from 103 countries of the world were members of the IOC, of which:

Australia and Oceania - 7 countries;
Asia - 16 countries;
America - 17 countries;
Africa - 24 countries;
Europe - 39 countries.

60. International Olympic System (IOC, IOC Charter, principles of the Olympic movement, modern concept of Olympism, IOC President)

On June 23, 1894, at the International Sports Congress in Paris, a decision was made, which went down in human history, to revive the modern Olympic Games. At the same time, the Olympic Charter was approved, the text of which was read by Pierre de Coubertin. The Olympic Charter spoke about the procedure, regulations and opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games. And most importantly, a governing body was identified - the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

The IOC is an international non-governmental organization. The duration of his activity is unlimited. The IOC Secretariat is permanently located in Lausanne (Switzerland). The role of the International Olympic Committee is to lead the Olympic movement and develop Olympism in strict accordance with the Olympic Charter.

The supreme body of the IOC is the session, i.e. the general meeting of its members, held at least once a year. The IOC Session approves, amends and interprets the Olympic Charter, and, on the proposal of the IOC Executive Board, elects IOC members. At the session, the cities in which the Olympic Games are held are elected, and Olympic sports are determined.

Between sessions, the IOC is governed by an Executive Committee (ExCom), consisting of the President, four Vice-Presidents and the other six most respected members of the IOC. Members of the Executive Board are elected at IOC sessions by secret ballot. The IOC President is elected at the session from among the IOC members by secret ballot for an eight-year period. The President may be re-elected for subsequent four-year periods.

The official languages of the IOC are French and English. In addition to them, there are several more “working” languages at IOC Sessions, and among them is Russian.

The first version of the Olympic Charter stated that the IOC should be headed by a representative of the country in which the Olympic Games are organized. Therefore, the Greek Demetrius Vikelas was elected as the first president of the IOC.

Over the more than century-long history of the modern Olympic movement (from 1894 to the present), only eight people have received the high honor of heading the International Olympic Committee: Dimitrios Vikelas, Pierre de Coubertin, Henri de Bayeux-Aatour, Johannes Siegfried Edström, Avery Brundage, Michael Morris Killanin, Juan Antonio Samaranch, Jacques Rogge.

The activities of the presidents of the International Olympic Committee took place in a variety of historical, political, social and economic conditions. Often, IOC leaders had to deal with extraordinary critical situations, such as olympic sport both in the Olympic movement and in the world as a whole. I ask you to keep the flame of renewed Olympism alive and uphold its inherent principles and institutions:

First of all, equality in major sports;

Competitions in the field of art, which add to the magnificent physical activity works of the mind imbued with the ideas of sport;

The Athletes' Oath, which, based on a sense of honor, contains the beginning of the only effective way to effectively solve the problem of amateurism;

The Olympic banner, which reflects the colors of all nations and symbolizes the five parts of the world united by sports;

The ceremony and ritual of the opening and closing of the Games, with a final homage to Hellenism from which they originate;

^ 61. Main areas of activity of the IOC: mid-70s. XX century to the present ( the main task IOC, main decisions, 119th IOC session).

IOC– is the highest governing body of the modern Olympic movement. By legal status, the IOC is an international non-governmental organization created not for profit, in the form of an association with the status of a legal entity recognized by the Swiss Federal Council. The IOC is a permanent organization whose duration of activity is not limited. The IOC is permanently located in Lausanne (Switzerland).

The mission of the IOC is to govern the Olympic Movement in accordance with the Olympic Charter. His role in the OA is to develop elite sport and sport for all in accordance with the OA. The IOC ensures the regular holding of Olympic Games and takes measures to develop women's sports, sports ethics and the protection of athletes.

Decisions of the IOC taken on the basis of the provisions of the Olympic Charter are final. Any dispute regarding their application or explanation may be resolved exclusively by the IOC Executive Board and, in some cases, by arbitration before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).

^ IOC Headquarters located in Lausanne on the Place du Palais.

IOC– organization exercising management and control in OD:

· the president;

· Executive Committee;

· administration.

Under the supreme authority of the IOC, the Olympic Movement brings together organizations, athletes and other individuals who agree to be governed by the Olympic Charter. The criterion for belonging to the Olympic movement is recognition by the International Olympic Committee. The organization and management of sports must be carried out by independent sports organizations recognized as such.

1976 – 1984 The period of economic crisis in the Olympic movement;

Samaranch really wanted to be president. For this purpose he made great efforts. Samaranch applied his abilities to help organize the Moscow Olympic Games. In return, he wanted to enlist support from the sports bureaucracy of the USSR, Eastern European countries and the Third World. The alliance took place and Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected president of the IOC.

In 1980, with the arrival of José Antonio Samaranch as president of the IOC, the situation changed. Samaranch made a proposal to the Organizing Committee of the Los Angeles Olympics (1984) to search for sponsors to obtain new sources of funding. Not the least role in this circumstance was played by the fact that in the 70s. last century there was a crisis in the Olympic movement. IOC property as of 1972 was estimated at $2 million including a $200,000 reserve fund. For such a global organization as the IOC, this amount certainly seemed ridiculous.

Samaranch tried to look at the Olympic Games as major investment project with attractive economic parameters both for the host city and for business.

The example was successful and contagious - Samaranch’s idea gradually spread among all more or less popular sports.

^ Organizer's dividends from carrying out sports competitions- the solution of many critical issues, such as:

Ø comprehensive development of infrastructure (construction of an airport, hotels, roads and sports facilities);

Ø creation of new jobs;

Ø establishing relationships with business;

Ø receiving political dividends for the country;

Ø formation of a positive image of the city;

Ø attracting tourists;

Ø improvement of the economic situation in the region;

Ø attracting additional large investments, including foreign ones;

Ø receiving direct income from commercial sports competitions.

A peculiar thing is happening chain reaction(a spectacle is created that attracts fans and tourists who bring money with them and spend it on products from various sectors of the country’s economy).

4th of July in Guatemala The 119th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) took place. The main issue at the IOC session was the choice of the city to host the 2014 Winter Olympics. A total of seven cities applied to organize the games: Sochi (Russia), Salzburg (Federal Republic of Austria), Harkan (Spain), Sofia (Bulgaria), Borjomi (Georgia),

^ 62. Contemporary issues Olympic movement

The Olympic movement is a social movement based on the principles, ideas and ideals of Olympism, uniting organizations and people regardless of their social status, political and religious views, racial origin, gender and age, promoting the development of amateur sports.

Olympism is a set of philosophical, moral, ethical, pedagogical and organizational principles based on the universal, cultural, and humanistic values of sport.

From the standpoint of humanism, the Olympic system of views in the content of education and upbringing considers the person himself to be the highest value. The most important, fundamental values are friendship and peace, mutual respect and understanding between peoples and countries.
Modern Olympism, the Olympic movement and the Olympic Games are a complex process. In the process of their development and improvement, various theories, views and concepts on the essence, their present and future collide.

These primarily include the problems of commercialization and professionalization in sports, denationalization and racial discrimination, the use of doping and objective refereeing. One of the fundamental principles of the modern Olympic movement, developed by its creator Baron Pierre de Coubertin, is the principled and strict, under the threat of serious sanctions, separation of politics from Olympism.
There is also a sharp struggle in the Olympic movement over issues of the Olympic program. Unfounded attempts to reduce or increase Olympic disciplines can lead to undermining the Olympic idea itself. The program of the summer and winter games should reflect the level of modern science and technology, and the general social progress of society. It must preserve wrestling, beauty, aesthetics, and a friendly atmosphere. It is necessary that the program of the Games always complies with the requirements of the Olympic Charter and is in constant development. It should not lag behind the achievements of modern civilization, the degree of development of this or that sport in countries and continents.

The future of Olympism depends largely on the willingness of all states, governments and the international community to help develop the Olympic movement and strictly implement the basic principle of the Olympic Charter: not to allow any discrimination at the Olympic Games on racial, religious or political grounds in relation to countries or to individuals.

November 4, 2011

The core of international sports life in the modern world is the Olympic movement, which rightfully occupies a leading place in the galaxy of various social and cultural phenomena of human civilization. In terms of its mass character, traditions, and scale, the Olympic Movement has no equal among all other non-governmental movements and public organizations. The influence of the ideas of Olympism is currently unusually great, and the International Olympic Committee is now one of the most authoritative and respected sports organizations.

The Olympic movement originated in the earliest stages of ancient civilization - the first Olympic Games took place in 776 BC. e. in Ancient Greece. Since then, the Games have played a vital role for many centuries and have been the main sporting and cultural event in the lives of various peoples.

The concept of modern Olympism belongs to Pierre de Coubertin, on whose initiative the International Athletic Congress was held in Paris in June 1894. On June 23, 1894, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was formed, which became the central management and organizational structure of the world Olympic movement.

The revived Olympic movement, as conceived by P. Coubertin, was to become the positive force that opposed aggressiveness, militancy, racial and religious hatred. The Olympic Games were intended to become an instrument of peace and cooperation between peoples, where the winners were determined not on the battlefields, but on stadiums and sports tracks. At the same time, P. Coubertin and his associates proposed not only to revive the Olympics in their unchanged form, but also to modernize the Games and the Olympic movement in the spirit of new times. All positive principles were borrowed from the ancient Olympics (fair play, cessation of hostilities during the Games, etc.) and elements of discrimination were abolished (non-participation of women, people of non-Greek origin). Thus, the Olympic Movement was originally conceived by its organizers as an international social movement with high goals and ideals - for the harmonious development of man, for combining sports with culture and education, for creating a new way of life, achieving peace and cultural prosperity.

For the practical implementation of the lofty goals of Olympism, Coubertin and his associates created a special management and organizational structure - the IOC, which initially concentrated in itself all the supreme power of the Olympic movement.

The need to create the IOC as an organizational and management structure is obvious - without it, the entire international Olympic movement becomes an ineffective and unviable entity. Only a permanent management body with appropriate financial, organizational and human resources is capable of solving complex problems of an international scale.

But it is absolutely not enough to form a management body and vest it with appropriate powers. It is necessary that the created committee be a representative and authoritative body. And this, in turn, is impossible without the election and rotation of its members on a democratic basis.

For the effective operation of the management structure, a necessary condition is a clear definition of the range of its tasks and powers, rights and obligations, which are set out in a special legal document. For the Olympic Movement, such a document is called the Olympic Charter. This legal act is a document of a public law nature, that is, it is intended not only for internal use by the Olympic Committee, but is available to all persons who wish to familiarize themselves with its contents.

Another important principle of the management structure of the Olympic Movement is its independence from the political influence of any states and political blocs. It is obvious that if the Olympic Movement falls under anyone's political influence or adheres to biased positions, it will quickly lose its international authority and global significance. The same can be said about financial dependence on any commercial or government organizations. Understanding of this fact is embodied in the Olympic Charter, which states that the IOC “is a non-governmental organization created not for profit.” This clause allows the IOC to maintain its political and commercial independence.

The principles listed above formed the basis for the practical activities of the IOC, which has successfully fulfilled its assigned role for more than a century. In particular, the IOC must ensure that the Olympic Games are held regularly; determine their program and composition of participants (in cooperation with international sports federations and the host country of the Games); register Olympic records; promote the development of sports around the world; to promote the development and strengthening of friendship between athletes of all countries and continents, without allowing racial, religious and political discrimination against countries and individuals.

In organizational terms, the IOC is formed as follows. The total number of the committee should not exceed 115 members, who can only be individuals. The composition of the IOC is elected at a general meeting called the Session. Sessions are held at least once a year. If necessary, the IOC Session is also convened at the initiative of the President or at the written request of at least one third of the IOC members (see Fig. 1).

At the IOC Session, the President is elected for a term of 8 years with confirmation of his powers after four years. In addition, the Session elects members of the IOC Executive Board for a 4-year term. The Executive Committee consists of the President, four vice-presidents and ten members. All members of the Executive Committee are elected at the Session by secret ballot by a majority of the votes cast for them.

Any citizen of his country aged 18 years or older can become a member of the IOC, provided that his candidacy is submitted in accordance with the requirements of the IOC and is considered by the Nominations Commission.

The following have the right to nominate candidates for election to the IOC:

IOC members: each IOC member has the right to propose one or more candidates for election to IOC membership;
IOC Athletes' Commission has the right to propose one or more candidates;
National Olympic Committees: Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), Association of African National Olympic Committees (ANOCA), European Olympic Committees (EOC), Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), Oceania National Olympic Committees (ONOC), jointly with any NOC recognized by the IOC, has the right to submit one or more candidates for election to membership of the IOC;
International Olympic Sports Federations: The Association of International Summer Olympic Sports Federations (ASOIF), the Association of International Winter Olympic Sports Federations (AIOSF) and all international federations - members of ASOIF and AIOSF - have the right to submit one or two candidates for election to IOC membership.

Day-to-day management functions to ensure the effective functioning of the Olympic Committee are carried out by the IOC Executive Committee, headed by the President. The powers and responsibilities of the Executive Board to administer the affairs of the IOC are to:

— monitors compliance with the Olympic Charter;
— is responsible for the administrative work of the IOC;
- approves the internal structure of the IOC and all internal rules relating to its organization;
- Responsible for managing the finances of the IOC and preparing the annual report;
— submits a report to the Session on any proposed changes to the Rules and Bye-Laws;
- submits to the IOC Session the names of persons recommended for election by the IOC;
— monitors the procedure for accepting and selecting cities to organize the Olympic Games;
— determines and assigns insignia of the IOC;
— prepares agendas for IOC Sessions;
- performs any other duties assigned to him by the Session.

The President directs the activities of the IOC Executive Committee, creates permanent commissions or commissions convened as necessary, forms working groups where necessary, determines the scope of their responsibilities and personal composition. The President also decides to dissolve commissions and groups when he considers that they have completed their mission. No meetings of commissions or working groups may be held without the prior consent of the IOC President. The President is an ex-officio member of all commissions and working groups and has priority when present at their meetings.

It is obvious that the effective work of the IOC as a management structure is impossible without attracting the necessary financial resources that are needed to support the activities of both the IOC itself and to support the Olympic movement as a whole.

Given the importance of creating a reliable financial base for the proper development of the Olympic Movement, the IOC is developing special marketing programs to attract funds. Priority is given to programs for the implementation of rights to broadcast the Olympic Games to telecommunications companies, programs for working with corporate sponsors, and minting commemorative coins and medals.

The IOC redistributes funds received as a result of the implementation of marketing programs between National Olympic Committees, International Sports Federations and Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games. The IOC usually allocates about 7% of the funds received to support its own activities.

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1. First IOC President Vikelas Demetrius (1894-1896)

2. Second IOC President Pierre de Coubertin (1896-1915), (1919-1925)

3. Interim President Godfrey de Blaunay (1916-1919), acting - Switzerland

4. Third IOC President Henri de Bayeux-Latour (1925-1942)

5. Fourth IOC President Johannes Siegfried Edström (1942-1952)

6. Fifth IOC President Avery Brundage (1952-1972)

7. Sixth IOC President Michael Morris Killanin (1972 - 1980)

9. Eighth IOC President Jacques Rogge (2001 to present)

Similar documents

IOC Commissions

Number of IOC members (by period, continent and country)

First period - 1894-1924

Second period - 1925-1951

Third period - 1952-1993

Fourth period since 1994 (as of 2005)

In total, during the entire existence of the IOC (as of 2005), 487 people from 103 countries of the world were members of the IOC, of ​​which:

In total, during the entire existence of the IOC (as of 2005), 487 people from 103 countries of the world were members of the IOC, of which: