Basic rules of cross-country skiing competitions. Ski racing, competition rules Evolution of the rules of cross-country skiing competitions

Ski race- a winter Olympic sport in which athletes need to cover a certain distance on skis in a minimum time. Ski racing is divided into men's and women's.

The International Ski Federation (FIS) was founded in 1924 and unites national federations.

History of the origin and development of cross-country skiing (skiing)

Historians and dated to the 6th-7th century BC. written evidence suggests that the first skis appeared among northern hunters. The first skis were very similar to modern snowshoes.

Due to the harsh climate, the Norwegians showed the greatest interest in skiing. At the beginning of the 18th century, skiing was part of the compulsory training program for Norwegian troops. And at the end of the same century, the first cross-country skiing competitions took place.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the world's first ski community was created. A little later, the first ski club was opened in Finland, after which such clubs appeared in many countries in Europe, America and Asia. By the end of the century, cross-country skiing competitions began to be held in almost all countries of the world.

Ski racing first appeared at the 1924 Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix. Competitions for women appeared at the 1952 Olympic Games in Oslo.

Ski racing rules

The competition rules are approved by the International Ski Federation (“International Competition Rules”).

The following types of starts are used in competitions: separate, general, group and pursuit starts. Time trials usually use intervals of 30 seconds.

The starter gives a warning: “Attention” 10 seconds before the start. 5 seconds before the start, the countdown begins: “5…4…3…2…1”, followed by the starting signal “March”. During the race, athletes are not allowed to use any means of transportation other than skis and ski poles. Skiers must only follow the trail and pass all checkpoints.

Along the way, athletes can change one ski or poles. The change of skis is monitored by a panel of judges; before the start, all skis must be marked.

Finish times are recorded manually or electrically and are given in full seconds.

Cross-country skiing track

Cross-country skiing courses should be located in such a way that they best provide an opportunity to evaluate the technical, tactical and physical preparation of athletes. The level of difficulty must correspond to the level of competition. The main components of the cross-country skiing route:

One third of the course should consist of climbs ranging from 9% to 18% with a height difference of more than 10 meters, as well as several short climbs with a gradient of over 18%.
One third is hilly, rugged terrain consisting of short ascents and descents (with elevation differences ranging from 1 to 9 meters).
One third consists of a variety of descents requiring different descent techniques. The routes are used only in the direction established for the competition.

It is better if the track consists of several laps so that spectators can enjoy watching the competing athletes. At official competitions, the length of the distance ranges from 800 m to 50 km.

Skiing equipment

Skis are the main element of a skier's equipment. Skis are classic, skating and combined. Previously, when choosing skis, it was important skier's height, then now the length of the skis primarily depends on the weight. Each manufacturer has tables that indicate what length of skis corresponds to what weight.
Boots are special shoes designed for use with skis.
There are two binding systems - SNS and NNN, and ski boots are only suitable for one of them.
Ski poles are equipment used by skiers to maintain balance and accelerate movement when skiing.

Skiing styles

Skating style (free) - implies that the skier can independently choose the method by which he will move along the distance. This style is faster than the classic style.

Classic style is a type of movement in which the skier covers almost the entire distance on a prepared ski track. “Classical” ski moves are divided according to the method of pushing off with poles into alternating and simultaneous.

Main types of cross-country skiing

Time trial competitions are skiing competitions in which athletes start one after another at a certain interval. Typically the interval between starts is 30 seconds.
Mass start competitions are skiing competitions in which all athletes start at the same time.
Pursuit race or pursuit (English pursuit - pursuit) is a competition of several stages. Skiers run one stage in the classic style, and the other in the skating style. The position of skiers at all stages is determined by the results of previous stages.
A relay is a skiing competition in which teams of four compete. The ski relay consists of 4 stages. Relay races can be held in one style (all participants run their stages in the classical or free style) or in two styles (participants run stages 1 and 2 in the classic style, and stages 3 and 4 in the free style). The relay is transferred by touching the palm of any part of the body of the starting athlete of his team, while both athletes are in the relay transfer zone.
Sprint (individual and team).

Cross-country skiing competition

The Olympic Games are the most prestigious cross-country skiing competitions, held every 4 years.
The World Ski Championships are the second most prestigious cross-country skiing competition and are held every odd-numbered year.
The World Ski Cup is an annual cross-country skiing competition organized by the International Ski Federation from October to March.

2016-06-30

SKI RACE

1. General Provisions

1.1. Ski racing on 1,2,3,5 and 10 km are carried out in free or classic style, as indicated in the Regulations on the competition.

1.2. The competition route must have elevation changes, ascents, flat sections and descents that comply with the Rules.

1.3. There should be no sudden changes in direction of movement. Changes in direction should occur before the descents, not after them.

1.4. Slopes must be safe even at high speeds and on icy tracks. Icy turns, sharp corners and narrow passages must be avoided.

It is important to comply with these requirements when preparing trails for children, women, and participants with insufficient training.

1.5. The width of the route should be 3-4 m for laying two ski tracks in a classic style and passing snow-compacting machines. On the descent, the width of the tracks should be at least 4 m, and in places of turns on slopes - no less 6 m.

1.6. A ski slope is considered compacted if there are no traces of a pedestrian’s shoes left on it. After the snow has been compacted to the width of the route 2,5 m or special machines lay two ski tracks on the track. They should be located at a distance 1 m - 1 m 20 cm from each other (when measured from the middle of the ski track).

1.7. Two separate tracks of the same track must be located at a distance from each other of 17 - 25 cm (measured from the middle of the ski track). The track depth for each ski is not less than 2 - 3 cm.

1.8. For racing using skating, one ski track is laid on the right or left side of the track and the width of the track must be at least 4 - 6 m.

1.9. It is prohibited to lay routes through poorly frozen rivers, lakes and swamps, railway tracks, or highways with heavy traffic.

1.10. At air temperatures - 20° From to adult competitions - 15° C in children's competitions and moderate wind ( 2-6 m/sec) the State Jury and the representative of the public safety organization must, together with representatives of the teams, decide on the possibility and conditions of ski racing (reduction of distances, postponement of the start, cancellation, etc.), taking into account the general impact of the cold factor on the participants, their physical and technical preparedness, hardening and equipment.

2. Measurement of traces

2.1. The course is measured with a steel tape measure, a metal cord length 50 m or a distance meter.

2.2. According to the measurement of the routes, a report is drawn up, which is signed by the official measurer of the competition (at competitions 2 level - inspector), deputy chief judges for sports issues and cross-country skiing, the head of the tracks and his deputies. A diagram and profiles of the routes are attached to the act.

These documents are approved by the chief judge before the start of the competition.

3. Height difference

3.1. The height difference between the lowest and highest points of the distance should not exceed:

at distance 5 km (boys, women, older men) - 100 m;

at a distance of 10 km (for men 16-39 years old) - 200 m.

3.2. The height difference at the maximum rise is no less than 200 m should not exceed at a distance 5 km - 60 meters, 10 km - 80 m.

3.3. At competitions 1 level of the route should consist of one-third steep climbs 8 -12° and short climbs up to 18°.

3.4. The required amount of elevation differences (MT) for the course to meet the classification requirements of the competition 1st level:

for women at a distance 3 km - 30 m, for a distance of 5 km - 150 m;

for men at a distance 5 km - 150 m, for a distance of 10 km - 300 m.

3.5. Competition 1 level should be carried out on routes that have a passport, route diagrams (scale 1:10000) and their profiles (1:50000 - for length; 1:5000 - for height), approved by the Russian Ski Federation.

4. Trail equipment

4.1. The entire route is marked with flags. To mark descents and turns, it is recommended to hang garlands of flags. Flags are placed on the inside of the track at a distance 1-1.5 m from it.

The course must be marked so that the participant has no doubt as to the direction of movement.

4.2. Ski markings, arrows, colored flags and garlands are used to mark the trails. The flags are placed at such a distance from one another that when passing a flag, a participant can see the next one. On average per 1 km of the route should be at least 30 flags. Flags on the course must be of different colors for different distances and gender of participants.

4.3. Starting from the start, signs are placed at the end of each kilometer 1,2,3.4 km, etc., and for 500 and 200 m to the finish signs"500 m to the finish", "200 m to the finish" (the plates are yellow, the numbers on them are black).

4.4. Before difficult descents and turns, clearly visible yellow flags or signs with an exclamation mark should be installed.

4.5. At competitions 1 communication means are installed along the route.

5. Start and finish equipment

5.1. The start and finish points must be located on the same level and no closer 10 m and no further than 100 m one from the other. The finish line is located in such a way that the participant approaching it is visible no less than 50 m and so that on the last

50 m of the route there were no descents.

5.2. At competitions 1 level before the start, a place for marking skis is equipped. After marking, the participant immediately goes to the start.

5.3. Start protocols, diagrams and route profiles must be posted in the starting town, and a temperature board must be installed.

5.4. When conducting cross-country skiing, you must have:

transport for the evacuation of injured participants (cart, snowmobile, ambulance);

stretcher mounted on skis ("volokush") and blankets;

individual dressing bags (from the controllers).

5.5. Course judges, participants and team representatives must be informed about medical aid points and their location must be indicated on the course diagrams posted in the starting town.

6. Start

The following types of starts are allowed at competitions:

single (participants start one at a time with an interval 30 sec or 1 min);

doubles (participants start in twos at intervals 30 sec or 1 min);

group (participants start in groups (teams) according to 3-5 person with an interval of at least 1 min; The starting order is determined by drawing lots);

general, in which all participants start at the same time (the first stage of the relay);

a single start can be given at intervals that are multiples of the difference in points scored by participants in previous types of program; in this case, there is no draw; the starting rules are the same as for a single start.

7. Start rules

7.1. Starting participants register immediately before the start.

7.2. A participant whose costume and number do not comply with the Rules, or (according to the start conditions) whose skis are not marked, is not allowed to start.

7.3. The participant starts at the time established by the start protocol. If one or more participants fail to show up or are late for the start, the start time of the remaining athletes does not change.

7.4. For single, double and group starts, the starter, being on the starting line to the side of the participant, behind 10 seconds before the start gives the command"10 seconds left! ", for 5 seconds before the start, raises the flag to the chest level of the participants or holds his hand on the participant’s shoulder and begins to count:"5-4-3-2-1", and then with the command"March! » gives a start. If the start is given using an electric chronometer, an audible start signal is given ("Buzzer")

The starting clock must be installed in such a way that it can be seen by the starting competitors.

7.5. Before the start command, the rider's feet (ski brackets) and poles must be in front of the start line.

7.6. A participant who starts prematurely must return behind the starting line at the command of the starter, only after which he can start again. In this case, it is considered that the participant started at the time established by the start protocol.

7.7. During the general start (relay races), the participants are on the preliminary formation line, in 5 meters from the start line. After commands« Take off your outerwear!" , " On your marks! » Participants, having taken off their clothes, go to the start.

7.8. Starter for 10 sec gives a preparatory command“10 seconds left! ”, and in 5 seconds - the command “5 seconds left!” » and raises a pistol or flag. After the time has elapsed, the start is given by a shot or command"March! » while lowering the flag.

7.9. At the start of the first stage of the relay, after the starter raises the pistol or flag, the judges in front of the participants put their hands on the shoulders of the starters, and at the moment of the starting signal they raise their hands up.

7.10. During the general start of athletes who started prematurely,

return and give a new start for all participants. The participant who first violated the start rules is placed on 1 m behind other participants.

7.11. At group and general starts, the first 100 m distance, the starting participants run in the classical style, each on their own track, after which they have the right to switch to free style, and in the relay race over the next 100 m go to one of three common ski tracks.

7.12. A participant who is late to take the start at the time established by the protocol may start with the permission of the starter at any time, without interfering with other riders, but no later than the last participant in the competition takes the start. He must mark his skis, register at the start and start at the starter's command. In this case, it is considered that he started at the time established by the start protocol.

7.13. Judges must record the actual start time of a late competitor in the event that the Ground Jury determines that the delay was due to extraordinary circumstances.

8. Finish

The judges of the finishing team record the end of the distance by the shin of the leg of the first one to cross the finish line at a height 25 cm from the ski track level (accurate to 1 sec) and, after checking the finish and timing protocols by the senior judge at the finish, transfer the protocols to the Deputy Chief Secretary for cross-country skiing. In the presence of self-timekeeping, the time of participants is measured with an accuracy of 0,01 sec, with results rounded to the next whole second.

9. Relay handover area

9.1. The transfer of the baton is carried out in the relay transfer zone by touching any part of the body of the recipient with the hand of the transmitter.

9.2. Transmission zone length - 40 m (from the finish line forward), width - 15 m.

9.3. The individual time of the participants is recorded at the start line of the transfer zone (at the finish line of the stage).

9.4. In the transfer area, participants must walk in a classic style.

9.5. For 100 m to the transmission zone a sign is installed"100 m".

10. Special rights and obligations of participants

10.1. The participant has the right:

on the last 200 m distance before the finish line is not inferior to the ski track;

change sticks;

change one ski in a relay race;

lubricate skis at a distance and repair equipment without anyone’s help;

use heating devices when changing ointments, even if they are lit by another person;

Eating;

receive information about the time and order of passing sections of the distance by himself or other participants;

receive medical care.

10.2. The participant is obliged:

pass all checkpoints;

after the finish, present your skis to check the markings on them;

when stopping the race, inform the controller judge and a representative of your team about this;

when walking behind another participant, maintain a distance of at least 1 m from the tips of his skis to the tips of his skis;

going first, at the request of the catching up participant, give up the track to him, leaving it with both skis (except for 200 m until the end of the distance).

Having discovered that an accident has occurred with one of the athletes at the distance, try to provide first aid and notify the first judge he meets about the accident.

10.3. The participant is prohibited from:

receive any assistance from anyone other than that specified in paragraph 10.1;

change one or (in a relay race) 2 skis;

be led by members of your team (fans), or lead another participant (accompany him in front, behind or from the side) more 30 m in a row;

interfere with the passage of the distance by other participants.

10.4. A participant who violates the Competition Rules while completing the distance is removed from the ski race.

Sports competitions in skiing are important and

multilateral significance in the physical education of schoolchildren. Covering

various types of skiing, they contribute to the expansion of sports

mass work within the school, attract students to systematic

physical education classes are inextricably linked with educational

training process and are a continuation of educational work. On

competitions summarize the results of work for a certain period,

its positive aspects and disadvantages are identified,

the strongest athletes of the class, school and the best teams, At the same time

skiing competitions provide great educational

influence, Schoolchildren's discipline increases and appears

unconscious attitude towards training, courage is cultivated,

hard work, a sense of mutual assistance and collectivism. Competitions -

an organic part of the training of qualified athletes. Participation in

competitions allows you to achieve high loads, develops strong-willed

quality. Sports competitions are of great importance as a school

transfer of experience. Well organized competitions, solemnly and

colorfully decorated start and finish areas create for participants

festive mood.

The types of skiing competitions are varied. Especially

cross-country skiing competitions for various

distances. The competitions are very popular among spectators.

ski jumping and alpine skiing (slalom,

giant slalom, downhill), biathlon and cross-country skiing

biathlon.

Organization and holding of skiing competitions

is preceded by a lot of preliminary work, which becomes more complicated

weather conditions and terrain. All this requires special knowledge

and experience, which will allow competitions to be held at a high level with

attracting a large number of viewers.

9.1. Competition classification

All variety of ski competitions

classified according to various criteria.

Depending on the significance, scale and objectives of the competition

The various types of skiing can be divided into the following groups:

1. Spartakiads of the peoples of the Russian Federation, territories, regions,

autonomous republics, the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. Championships,

cups, championships, youth and youth games of these territories.

Championships, cups and championships of DSOs and departments, as well as all

international competitions and CIS competitions held in

territory of the Russian Federation.

2. Competitions of district, district, city and others

administrative divisions located on the territory of the Russian

Federation.

3. Competitions in sports schools, sports clubs and

physical culture groups.

The competition objectives are classified as follows:

1. Championships in which the champion is determined (class winner,

schools, districts, cities, regions, republics, countries, as well as sports clubs

DSO and departments).

2. Qualifying competitions, where the strongest skiers in

class, school, etc. to participate in teams in various

competitions held by higher organizations.

3. Control competitions are held during

educational and training process in the form of “estimates” for observing

increase in training and sports results. In addition, such

competitions are held during ski lessons at the school

summarizing and recording student progress.

4. Mass competitions are held for the purpose of popularization

skiing among the population.

5. Demonstration competitions are most often held according to the most

spectacular types of skiing - ski jumping and slalom with

with the aim of popularizing skiing. With appropriate organization

they can be carried out with no less effect on other types -

biathlon, relay races and races.

6. At cup competitions, athletes challenge the established

prize (cup) of various sports or public organizations or

territories.

7. Target competitions are held according to a special program

(“Holiday of the North”, etc.).

8. Classification competitions - to be performed by skiers

rank standards of the Unified Sports Classification.

9. Test competitions - for students to fulfill standards

educational programs (at school, university, etc.).

According to the form of organization, the following types of competitions are distinguished:

1. Closed competitions - only

skiers of a given group: class, school, sports club, etc.

2. Open competitions - with the participation of teams of other skiers

teams that can rightfully challenge the medals of the winners and

prizes, etc. Everyone is welcome to participate in these competitions.

(open start) with the permission of a doctor or the strongest skiers of others

schools, groups by special invitation.

3. Friendly (match) meetings of two or more teams are

competitions by prior agreement between teams

classes, schools, sports clubs, groups, etc.

4. Correspondence mass competitions are held between schools,

sports clubs, groups in the city, region, etc.

According to the terms of the competition, the following competitions may be held:

1. Personal, where places are determined for each participant, and team

the results are not summed up.

2. Personal-team, when personal results are also determined

skiers and places for all participating teams.

3. Team - in which the results of each participant are counted

team to determine its place in competitions (for example, in relay races).

The winners and places of all participants in the individual championship in this case are not

are displayed.

9.2. Planning and conducting cross-country skiing competitions

Preparation for organizing competitions in any type of skiing

sports begins long before the onset of the winter season with the preparation

calendar plan of competitions and regulations on competitions. From

timely and thorough preparation of these documents largely depends

successful competition.

The competition schedule is developed by the organization,

responsible for their implementation, together with public organizations

(Ski Federation or Council for Physical Education

schoolchildren at public education departments).

When drawing up a calendar plan for any organization, it is necessary

take into account the following basic requirements:

1. A gradual increase in physical activity is envisaged from

taking into account the age characteristics and gender of the participants, as well as the level

training and qualifications of athletes, type of competition and

the time of their implementation.

2. Considering the climatic conditions of the area, the first

Season competitions must be planned no earlier than 12-15 days later

after snow cover has established.

3. For the entire winter season, the optimal one for a given age is turned on

and qualifying number of competitions.

4. The main competitions are planned for the middle of the season.

5. From year to year it is necessary to maintain the stability of the calendar

plan, holding the same main competitions at constant times.

6. During the period when the strongest skiers leave for major competitions

locally it is necessary to plan competitions for grassroots groups,

match meetings, mass competitions, etc., so that athletes

junior ranks could also regularly go to the start and

improve your skills.

Based on the schedule and rules of ski competitions

sports regulations on competitions are drawn up. It is basic

a document regulating the procedure and conditions for their implementation. All

the main sections of the provision must be carefully thought out, clearly and

clearly stated so that points do not raise questions or different

interpretations of their content.

The regulations for any competition always consist of the following:

sections: goals and objectives of the competition; place and time;

management of preparation and implementation; participants; program and conditions

70conducting; procedure for determining individual and team winners

championships; rewarding the winners of individual and team championships;

conditions for admission of participants; deadlines and procedure for submitting applications for participation in

competitions. Depending on the scale and type of competition, the content

Sections of the provisions may change slightly. On domestic

competitions without traveling to another city usually excludes the clause on

admission of participants, the deadlines for submitting preliminary and

final applications, etc.

For the preparation and holding of major competitions it is appointed

The organizing committee, the quantitative composition of which depends on

the scale of the competition and the amount of work. Under the Organizing Committee

special commissions are created, which carry out all economic,

organizational and propaganda work, cultural and

medical care for participants and sports technical

preparation of competitions. Organizing Committee and its commissions

start work 2-3 months before the competition.

The organizing committee appoints a credentials committee and a panel of judges.

The job of the Credentials Committee is to verify compliance

declared participants and teams requirements of the competition regulations.

Direct conduct of the competition is entrusted to the judiciary

a panel approved by the relevant federation of judges. During

competitions, the organizing committee makes final decisions on

protests and issues not within the jurisdiction of the panel of judges.

Work on preparing competition sites consists of two stages:

laying and preparing cross-country skiing, biathlon, slalom tracks;

equipment of the start and finish places - the starting town.

The scheme and profile of the distance on the day of the competition are posted on

big shield. The diagram must indicate all ascents, descents and

difficult or dangerous places, food and medical care points.

Different distances are marked on the diagram with colored lines,

corresponding to the color of the markings of this route. On the distance profile

the length of all flat sections, ascents and descents is shown on a scale

indicating their slope in degrees.

The Credentials Committee announces its decision on the admission of participants to

competitions at the first meeting of the panel of judges. The main thing here

the judge informs the order of opening the competition and the schedule of starts according to

various types of programs and distances that are determined

together with the head of the distance.

At the first meeting of the panel of judges, a draw is held

usually for one day of an upcoming competition. Spend it on everything at once

days is impractical, since for various reasons the composition of participants on

other distances may change. Additional applications are submitted

to the chief judge no later than an hour before the draw.

Based on the results of the draw, the secretariat of the panel of judges

draws up starting protocols.

The competition usually opens with a parade of participants and the rise

flag. It is necessary to carefully develop a program for the ceremonial

opening to create a festive mood among the participants, at the same time

The opening procedure should be short. Start for the first participants

must be given exactly at the specified time. In this case, the participants

can start warming up in a timely manner and arrive at the start line without delay.

Before the start, the chief judge, timekeepers at the start and finish and

the judge-informant checks the chronometer watches and sets them for

the first start is always at 0 h 00 min 00 s. This makes counting much easier

results. In a pair start, the first participants start at 0:01:00

s, and with a single, the first participant leaves the start at 0 h 00 min 30 s (so

called referee's timing).

The informant judge 15 minutes before the start announces the exact judging

time and invites participants to the starting place, and the assistant starter for 3-5

Min lines up the first starters and checks their attendance according to the protocol.

Participants will start at the time specified for them in the protocol. Start

is given as follows: for a single start, being on the starting line

to the right of the participant, the judge gives the command: “10 seconds left!” 5 seconds before

start, he places his hand on the participant’s shoulder or raises the flag to his level

chest and starts counting down: 5-4-3-2-1. When it's time to start,

gives the command: “March!” - and at the same time removes his hand from his shoulder or

raises the flag forward and upward. Start clock must be set

so that they can be clearly seen by the starting rider:

During a general start, participants line up 3 m behind the start line.

At the starter’s command: “Take off your outerwear!”, “To the start!” - participants,

Having taken off their outerwear, they go to the starting line. The command is given: “Remaining

10 seconds!”, then the starter gives the command: “5 seconds left!” - and raises

up flag or gun. During the start, it starts with a shot or

command "March!" and lowers the flag. If the start is taken incorrectly, the starter

returns participants with the command “Back!” or a second shot.

At the end of the starts, the assistant starter makes a note in the protocol

about the number of participants who went to the distance and reports about it

to the senior judge at the finish line and to the secretariat.

At competitions with a small number of participants, their admission to

the finish line can be conducted by two judges: a timekeeper who announces the time

the skier crossing the finish line, and the secretary recording it

time and finisher number.

The senior judge, at the moment the skier crosses the finish line, makes

signals the flag and gives the command: “Yes!” On this signal the referee

the timekeeper calls the finishing time, and the secretary records this time in

finish protocol. Table judges working on counting results

transfer the finish time to the participant’s card, determine the net time

passing. The informant judge immediately announces the result obtained according to

Senior judges at the finish line after the last participant has arrived at

For each distance, the number of starters, finishers and

athletes who have left the race and report this to the judge.

Team representatives do not have the right to leave the competition before arriving at

the finish of its last participant, and in the event of someone leaving the track

must immediately report to the finish line and the secretariat. Head of the route

or his deputy must review the course behind the last participant,

remove the controllers, collect checklists and report to the chief judge about

closing the route. After making sure that there is not a single one left in the distance

skier, the chief judge gives the order to end the competition at

this distance. The head of the course, having checked the control sheets, hands over

them to the secretariat of the panel of judges and, in turn, informs the chief

the judge about the correctness of the athletes passing the distance.

The competition secretariat in accordance with the classification system,

set out in the competition regulations, sums up the final team scores

the results, which are then approved at a meeting of the panel of judges.

At the end of the competition, team representatives receive a folder with all

results (protocols by distance, team results by day

competitions, distances and general summary team protocol). All

competition work materials are handed over to the organization conducting

competitions.

The winners of competitions in individual distances are better

reward immediately after the end of the race or before the start of the race

another day. Summing up the general results of the competition can be carried out on

final gala evening, where the chief judge briefly reports

about personal and team results. Here the winners are awarded

awards. Participants who did not appear at the ceremony without good reason

awards, lose the right to receive them.

SKI RACE

1. General Provisions

1.1. Ski races for 1,2,3,5 and 10 km are held in free or classic style, as indicated in the Regulations on the competition.

1.2. The competition route must have elevation changes, ascents, flat sections and descents that comply with the Rules.

1.3. There should be no sudden changes in direction of movement. Changes in direction should occur before the descents, not after them.

1.4. Slopes must be safe even at high speeds and on icy tracks. Icy turns, sharp corners and narrow passages must be avoided.

It is important to comply with these requirements when preparing trails for children, women, and participants with insufficient training.

1.5. The width of the track should be 3-4 m for laying two ski tracks in a classic style and for passing snow-compacting machines. On the descent, the width of the tracks must be at least 4 m, and in places of turns on the slopes - at least 6 m.

1.6. A ski slope is considered compacted if there are no traces of a pedestrian’s shoes left on it. After compacting the snow to a width of 2.5 m on the track, two ski tracks are laid on the track using special machines. They should be located at a distance of 1 m - 1 m 20 cm from each other (measured from the middle of the ski track).

1.7. Two separate tracks of one ski track should be located at a distance of 17 - 25 cm from each other (measured from the middle of the ski track). The track depth for each ski is at least 2 - 3 cm.

1.8. For racing using skating, one ski track is laid on the right or left side of the track and the width of the track must be at least 4 - 6 m.

1.9. It is prohibited to lay routes through poorly frozen rivers, lakes and swamps, railway tracks, or highways with heavy traffic.

1.10. At air temperatures of -20°C for adult competitions -15°C for children's competitions and moderate wind (2-6 m/sec), the State Jury and the representative of the Organizing Committee must, together with team representatives, decide on the possibility and conditions of ski racing (reducing distances, postponement of the start, cancellation, etc.), taking into account the general impact of the cold factor on the participants, their physical and technical preparedness, hardening and equipment.

2. Measurement of traces

2.1. The course is measured with a steel tape measure, a 50 m long metal cord or a distance meter.

2.2. On measuring the tracks, a report is drawn up, which is signed by the official measurer of the competition (at level 2 competitions - an inspector), deputy chief judges for sports issues and cross-country skiing, the head of the tracks and his deputies. A diagram and profiles of the routes are attached to the act.

These documents are approved by the chief judge before the start of the competition.

3. Height difference

3.1. The height difference between the lowest and highest points of the distance should not exceed:

At a distance of 5 km (boys, women, older men) - 100 m;

At a distance of 10 km (for men 16-39 years old) - 200 m.

3.2. The height difference on a maximum climb of at least 200 m in length should not exceed 60 meters at a distance of 5 km, and 80 m at a distance of 10 km.

3.3. At level 1 competitions, the courses must consist of one-third climbs with a steepness of 8 -12° and short climbs with a steepness of up to 18°.

3.4. The required amount of elevation differences (MT) for the route to meet the classification requirements of level 1 competitions:

For women, for a distance of 3 km - 30 m, for a distance of 5 km - 150 m;

For men, the 5 km distance is 150 m, and the 10 km distance is 300 m.

3.5. Level 1 competitions must be held on trails that have a passport, trail layouts (scale 1:10000) and their profiles (1:50000 for length; 1:5000 for height), approved by the Russian Ski Racing Federation.

4. Trail equipment

4.1. The entire route is marked with flags. To mark descents and turns, it is recommended to hang garlands of flags. Flags are placed on the inside of the track at a distance of 1-1.5 m from it.

The course must be marked so that the participant has no doubt as to the direction of movement.

4.2. Ski markings, arrows, colored flags and garlands are used to mark the trails. The flags are placed at such a distance from one another that when passing a flag, a participant can see the next one. On average, there should be at least 30 flags per 1 km of the route. Flags on the course must be of different colors for different distances and gender of participants.

4.3. Starting from the start, at the end of each kilometer signs are placed 1,2,3.4 km, etc., and 500 and 200 m before the finish signs “500 m to the finish”, “200 m to the finish” (yellow signs, numbers on them black).

4.4. Before difficult descents and turns, clearly visible yellow flags or signs with an exclamation mark should be installed.

4.5. At level 1 competitions, communications equipment is installed on the course.

5. Start and finish equipment

5.1. The start and finish points must be located on the same level, no closer than 10 m and no further than 100 m from one another. The finishing place is located in such a way that the participant approaching it is visible at least 50 m away and that at the last

There were no descents for 50 m of the track.

5.2. At level 1 competitions, a place for marking skis is equipped before the start. After marking, the participant immediately goes to the start.

5.3. Start protocols, diagrams and route profiles must be posted in the starting town, and a temperature board must be installed.

5.4. When conducting cross-country skiing, you must have:

Transport for the evacuation of injured participants (cart, snowmobile, ambulance);

Stretchers mounted on skis (“volokush”) and blankets;

Individual dressing bags (from the controllers).

5.5. It is necessary to inform the judges on the courses, participants and team representatives about the medical aid points and indicate their location on the circuit diagrams posted in the starting town.

The following types of starts are allowed at competitions:

Single (participants start one at a time with an interval of 30 seconds or 1 minute);

Doubles (participants start in twos with an interval of 30 seconds or 1 minute);

Group (participants start in groups (teams) of 3-5 people with an interval of at least 1 minute; the starting order is determined by drawing lots);

General, in which all participants start at the same time (the first stage of the relay);

7. Start rules

7.1. Starting participants register immediately before the start.

7.2. A participant whose costume and number do not comply with the Rules, or (according to the start conditions) whose skis are not marked, is not allowed to start.

7.4. For single, double and group starts, the starter, being on the starting line on the side of the participant, 10 seconds before the start gives the command “10 seconds left!”, 5 seconds before the start raises the flag to the level of the participants’ chest or holds his hand on the participant’s shoulder and starts count: “5-4-3-2-1”, and then with the command “March!” gives a start. If the start is given according to an electric chronometer, an audible start signal (“Buzzer”) is given.

The starting clock must be installed in such a way that it can be seen by the starting competitors.

7.5. Before the start command, the rider's feet (ski brackets) and poles must be in front of the start line.

7.7. During the general start (relay races), the participants are on the preliminary formation line, 5 meters from the start line. After the commands “Take off your outerwear!”, “To the start!” Participants, having taken off their clothes, go to the start.

7.8. The starter gives the preparatory command “10 seconds left!” in 10 seconds, and the command “5 seconds left!” in 5 seconds. and raises a pistol or flag. After the time has expired, the start is given with a shot or the command “March!” while lowering the flag.

7.10. During the general start of athletes who started prematurely,

return and give a new start for all participants. The participant who first violates the start rules is placed 1 m behind the other participants.

7.11. In a group and general start, the starting participants run the first 100 m of the distance in a classic style, each on their own track, after which they have the right to switch to a free style, and in the relay race over the next 100 m to switch to one of three general ski tracks.

7.13. Judges must record the actual start time of a late competitor in the event that the Ground Jury determines that the delay was due to extraordinary circumstances.

The judges of the finishing team record the end of the distance at the shin of the leg of the first one to cross the finish line at a height of 25 cm from the level of the ski track (with an accuracy of 1 second) and, after checking the finish protocols and timing by the senior judge at the finish, transfer the protocols to the Deputy Chief Secretary for skiing. If auto-timing is available, participants' time is measured to the nearest 0.01 second, with results rounded to the next whole second.

9. Relay transfer zone

9.1. The transfer of the baton is carried out in the relay transfer zone by touching any part of the body of the recipient with the hand of the transmitter.

9.2. The length of the transfer zone is 40 m (from the finish line forward), the width is 15 m.

9.3. The individual time of the participants is recorded at the start line of the transfer zone (at the finish line of the stage).

9.4. In the transfer area, participants must walk in a classic style.

9.5. A “100 m” sign is installed 100 m before the transmission zone.

10.Special rights and obligations of participants

10.1. The participant has the right:

In the last 200 m of the distance before the finish, do not give way to the ski track;

Change sticks;

In a relay race, change one ski;

Lubricate skis at a distance and repair equipment without anyone’s help;

Use heating devices when changing ointments, even if they are lit by another person;

Eating;

Receive information about the time and order of passing sections of the distance by himself or other participants;

Receive medical care.

10.2. The participant is obliged:

Pass all checkpoints;

After the finish, present your skis to check the markings on them;

If the race is stopped, inform the controller judge and a representative of your team;

When walking behind another participant, maintain a distance of at least 1 m from the ends of his skis to the toes of his skis;

Going first, at the request of the catching up participant, give up the track to him, leaving it with both skis (except 200 m before the end of the distance).

Having discovered that an accident has occurred with one of the athletes at the distance, try to provide first aid and notify the first judge you meet about the accident.

10.3. The participant is prohibited from:

Receive any assistance from anyone other than that specified in clause 10.1;

Change one or (in a relay race) 2 skis;

Be led by members of your team (fans), or lead another participant (accompany him in front, behind or from the side) for more than 30 m in a row;

Disturb other participants from completing the course.

10.4. A participant who violates the Competition Rules while completing the distance is removed from the ski race.

The guidelines for all international racing are the FIS International Competition Rules.

Competitive distances

The entire route is marked with flags of the same color. The 30 and 50 km distances are mostly run in several laps.

For races over 30 km, two service points must be installed. The difference in height between the lowest and highest sections of the course should be no more than 100 m for women in a 5 km race and 150 m in a 10 km race.

For men - no more than 200 m in the 10 km race, 250 m in the 15 km race and at all longer distances. In case of deep snow, the organizers lay, in addition to the main ski track, a ski track for poles. When starting a relay race, ski tracks are used in the same quantity as the teams entering the competition.

After approximately 200 m, these separate tracks merge into the main track. For each competition, a route diagram is prepared, which indicates the elevation changes and the length of the climbs.

Competitive disciplines

The Olympic competition disciplines are 5 km, 10 km, 20 km and 4 x 5 km relay for women and 15 km, 30 km, 50 km and 4 x 10 km relay for men.

Progress of the competition

In cross-country skiing, starts are taken one at a time with an interval of at least 30 seconds. The starters are divided into 4 groups according to the results. Group 1 with the strongest riders starts at the end of all competitors in tactically more favorable conditions.

Starting from the 1976 Olympic Games, the direct order of numbers of the starting groups was restored, i.e. from 1st to 4th, in contrast to the reverse order that existed before. The 4th group is considered the strongest (i.e. the last one, which was previously No. 1), but often this is not entirely true, because The distribution of riders of one team into groups occurs in accordance with the tactical considerations of the coach.

The order within the group is determined by drawing lots. Only in relay races and mass races there is a general start. If overtaking is not taken into account, you cannot leave the ski track. Only with the request “Ski track!” the person in front must step aside.