This article approaches the issue from a scientific point of view and focuses on topics such as physical qualities children and their sensitive periods, specialization and multisport strategy, sports genetics. However, some problems in choosing a sport for a child will remain outside the scope of this article.

So one of these questions concerns the health of the child. If a child has some kind of developmental pathology, congenital or chronic diseases, then a specialist consultation is necessary in choosing a sport.

If a child is overweight or obese, then before thinking about playing sports, you need to bring the body mass index to more or less normal values. Some parents, giving a full child to the sports section, think that they are solving the problem excess weight. But this is not a solution to the problem, but an attempt to shift the responsibility to someone else. It will be very difficult for anyone other than parents to solve this problem. It is not necessary to hope for the consciousness of the child yet. Not infrequently, a similar situation is observed with impaired posture - parents think that by giving the child to swimming or gymnastics, everything will be fixed. This is possible if the child gets to a good coach, who is also a doctor. physiotherapy exercises. But still, we would recommend not to rely on chance, but to make an informed choice in favor of qualified doctors and a targeted solution to a specific problem.

Health or gold?

The first and most important question that every parent should ask himself when he is just starting to think about introducing his child to sports is the purpose of your child's sports. Why do you send your child to the sports section and what do you expect to get as a result? And you must answer this question for yourself honestly, because your future strategy and its success depend on it. The goals may be different. One of them is higher sports achivments, i.e. victory on Olympic Games ah and / or a successful professional sports career of a football player / hockey player / tennis player, which will provide a comfortable life for both the athlete himself and his parents. For other parents, prestige may be the goal. In their environment, they may be pleased to boast that their son is engaged in hockey, judo or football, and their daughter is in rhythmic gymnastics, figure skating or tennis. Gold medals in this case are also welcome, but we may not talk about the highest sporting achievements, but with good sports success parents' goals may change to the option discussed above. However, the most common goal is the physical development of the child, beauty and strengthening of his health. Another goal that successfully combines with the previous one is the acquisition by the child of useful skills that will be useful to him in later life, such as self-defense skills, self-insurance when falling, the ability to run, swim, dance, jump somersaults and sit on a twine, lift a barbell , skiing / skating / snowboarding and much more that can come in handy in everyday life. Also, many parents hope that sport will help in acquiring such useful psychological qualities as courage, determination, willpower and the will to win, improve the child's socialization and provide an opportunity to make new friends. We do not pretend to be complete and there may be other goals, but in this article we will mainly touch on the most popular one - sports for health and try to offer the best strategy to achieve this goal. We will touch on elite sports at the end of this article.

Sports specialization

“Today it is customary to start early, too early specialization: in figure skating, in hockey. Coaches are smarter, those who know children's physiology, devote a lot of time to GPP. But not all. On the other hand, there are still parents who, for the most part, do not understand anything at all and only see that the child was sent to hockey, and instead of chasing the puck on the ice, he does some exercises in the gym. But this is the most correct way to the sport. I believe that in any sport, the first year should be devoted to general physical training plus a soft entry into the sport, getting to know it. I think coaches involved in the early introduction of children to sports can argue with this. But abroad, when compared, they start playing sports not as early as in our country. And the results aren't bad." Svetlana Zhurova, Olympic champion in skating.

Sports specialization lies in the fact that from many sports an athlete chooses one on which all his efforts are concentrated in order to achieve the greatest progress and the highest result. It seems that the modern development of sports is forcing early systematic training. Athletes from some countries want to participate in sports race and sometimes there is a desire for the earliest possible sports specialization. In Russia, in some sections of swimming, gymnastics, figure skating, football, hockey, children are accepted from 4-6 years old, they start practicing martial arts from 7-10 years old. But how to distinguish early specialization from general physical training, which is almost always specialized for a particular sport? Doctor and coach, one of the authors of the magazine of the Russian Artistic Gymnastics Federation Oleg Vasiliev writes the following: “ If you just want to introduce your child to physical activity and sports, then twice a week is enough. And for a couple of months muscle corset will get stronger, the child will become more fit, coordinated, learn basic gymnastic and acrobatic elements that will remain with him for many years. This is especially true of insurance skills and falls. But if the goal is a sports result, then you will have to train every day, except for one day off. And preschoolers are already entering this mode».

However, studies do not support the thesis about the expediency of early specialization. Analyzing the age of successful wrestlers who trained in different types of martial arts, the researchers found that success was achieved most often by athletes who started systematic training relatively late. Most classical and freestyle wrestlers started these sports at the age of 13 or older. A similar trend was observed in the best judo athletes. Many of them started training sessions at the age of 10-14 years and only a few (about 9%) - earlier. A fairly large number of the world's best athletes began systematic training over the age of 15 years. The results confirm the thesis: too early start of wrestling training is unfavorable. The Roman principle applies here: "Hurry slowly." It is possible that the later start of systematic training is a specific biological protection of wrestlers and allows them to achieve success at the highest levels for many years to come.

No less interesting material was obtained from the analysis of the age and experience of the leading Polish athletes involved in rhythmic gymnastics. To achieve the 1st category in this sport, 3 years of training were required, and the optimal age for the start of systematic training fell on the 11th-12th years of life. Girls who start gymnastics at 8 years old took 5.4 years, and at 11 and 12 years old - only 3 years. The decreasing dependence between age and the number of years required to obtain the 1st sports category seems to suggest that training sessions in a particular sport should not be started as early as possible (this trend is still valid), but at the most optimal age.

There is a generally accepted opinion about the need for a very early start of systematic training in artistic gymnastics. Studies conducted on top gymnasts from 9 countries show that they started training at different ages. Polish gymnasts most often began to train systematically at the age of 9-11 years, and athletes from 8 European countries - at 7-11 years old (some much later, even at 14-15 years old).

The results of scientific research conducted over the past two decades do not support the notion of the purposefulness of starting training at an increasingly young age, and also show that early specialization in sports carries great risks. The trend towards a decrease in the age at which systematic training begins is also not confirmed in biosocial conditions. It is contrary to the idea of ​​"sport for children" and is an invention of people striving for success by all means. The implementation of such ideas in practice is associated with experiments and exposes children to the danger of losing health and reduces the likelihood of achieving high sports results.

Thus, no matter what goal you pursue, whether it is health promotion and harmonious physical development or top sports results, early sports specialization is not recommended. The most correct strategy would be diversified sports development, with the definition of specialization by the end of school. This strategy includes not one, but several sports at different stages of a child's development (multi-sport strategy). It will also help the child to master a large number of useful skills and abilities in life. In the matter of determining the most effective sequence of sports in the process of growing up a child, we recommend adhering to the so-called sensitive periods.

sensitive periods

Rice. one- Sensitive periods in boys and girls in relation to biological and chronological age (average data). (Balyi & Way, 2014) Curves in red and blue show the average rate of rapid adolescent growth (annual growth in centimeters), which characterizes the biological age of the child. The physical qualities outlined in dotted lines are positioned relative to these curves, and the arrows indicate that they should move along with the curve. For the traits circled with a solid line (flexibility and speed), there are no such data, so they are tied only to chronological age plotted on the horizontal axis. PHV (peak height velocity) - maximum growth jump.

The human body develops unevenly (heterochromically). The child has special sensitive stages of development in which certain physical qualities develop better than others. They are called sensitive. If a targeted impact is made during these time periods, the effect will be much higher than in other periods. Experiences experienced during a sensitive period have a particularly strong or lasting effect on the formation of connections in the brain.

But why do these periods exist? Why don't they last a lifetime? There is a neurophysiological explanation for this. The human brain uses 17% of the energy received by the body. This is the highest rate among living beings. But this is nothing compared to the energy costs of developing a child's brain. The brain of a five-year-old child consumes half the energy needed by the body. Synapses consume most of this energy, so maintaining additional synaptic connections is not cheap. The sensitive period is characterized by the presence of the maximum number of such connections in that part of the brain that is responsible for a particular physical quality. After a sensitive period, in order to save energy, most of these connections disappear. However, the synapses of neurons that fire more often are more likely to be preserved and strengthened.

The periods of maximum energy consumption by the brain occur at the age of up to 6 years and are associated with the development of such vital qualities as vision, perception, and speech. Sensitive periods of physical qualities begin at the age of 7, when the amount of energy consumed by the brain begins to decline, successively reaching "adult" levels in different parts of the brain as they mature. This process is completed between the ages of 16 and 18. Going forward, brain architecture will be less amenable to modification, either because extra axons and synapses are no longer available or because the biochemical pathways that determine synapse activity change with age.

In the past century, many studies have defined sensitive periods in relation to a child's chronological age. Therefore, data on sensitive periods vary greatly. Some sources have generally shied away from trying to tie sensitive periods to a child's age with an accuracy of up to a year. Today, scientists have come to understand that chronological age is a poor criterion because all children mature at different rates. Therefore, they began to rely on the biological age of the child, which is determined by such maturation criteria as the beginning of the growth spurt, the maximum growth spurt (PHV - peak height velocity), the degree of bone tissue ossification (percentage of cartilage tissue to bone), menarche

The physical qualities of the child

When analyzing the physical data of a child, attention should be paid to his physique. There are three main body types:
Thoracic(thoracic, ectomorphic). Characteristic features: the figure is thin, the bones are narrow, the shoulders are slightly wider than the hips, the arms and legs are long. Strengths - endurance. Weak qualities - physical strength.
Muscular(muscular, mesomorphic). Characteristic features: athletic figure, broad bones, broad shoulders, arms and legs of medium length. This is an average type in which strength and endurance are harmoniously combined.
Digestive(abdominal, endomorphic). Characteristic features: the figure is stocky, the bones are wide, the shoulders are not wider than the hips, the arms and legs are short. Strengths - physical strength. Weak qualities - endurance.

In addition, there are such physical qualities that are not manifested in the physique in any way: speed, flexibility, coordination.
Parents should also pay attention to their physical qualities and the development of the skeleton (bones, tendons and joints). All this is directly related to your child and should be taken into account in choosing a sport.
The body type does not impose restrictions on the choice of a sport, however, it limits the achievement of the highest sports results. Muscular body type is well suited for all sports. The thoracic type should be given preference to cyclic sports, complex coordination sports, as well as sports games and all-around. The digestive type should choose weightlifting sports and martial arts.

All sports can be divided into those where the development of one of the physical qualities reaches an extreme degree, and those where there is a complex, versatile development of all these qualities to a moderate degree. The latter include playing sports, martial arts and all-around.

“I have been doing gymnastics for 10 years. Having received the title of master of sports at the age of 15, I felt that I had reached the peak in gymnastics. Then the coach suggested trying his hand at pole vaulting. Although, of course, you need to seriously study from the age of 10-11, but since I had a certain preparation, everything worked out. Using my example, one can confirm the thesis that gymnastics is the key to all sports. I tell everyone: “You don’t know which section to enroll your child in - give it to gymnastics". There you can lay an excellent base: pumping, stretching ... " Yelena Isinbayeva, Two-time Olympic pole vault champion.

Flexibility
Flexibility develops in absolutely all sports, as an element of general physical training. Muscle stretching is necessary as the prevention of sports injuries. But special (limiting) requirements for flexibility are imposed in those sports where the judges subjectively assess the aesthetics of the athlete's actions: gymnastics, acrobatics, figure skating, synchronized swimming, sports dancing, freestyle. In these sports, flexibility is directly related to complex movement coordination. Although flexibility is not expressed in any way in physique, it can be noticed already from the first years of a child's life.
Sensitive period for development of flexibility: from 6 to 12 years.

Coordination and balance
The greatest effect in the education of coordination is provided by such complex coordination sports as sports acrobatics, sports and rhythmic gymnastics, diving, trampolining, ski jumping, slalom, freestyle, figure skating, mountain biking and BMX. All these species make significant demands on the preparation of the neuromuscular and vestibular apparatus. The foundation of complex-coordination movements is laid in childhood and requires many years of regular systematic training.
The sensitive period for the development of coordination lasts until the beginning of the growth spurt: from 7 to 12 years.

Rapidity
Speed ​​- the ability to perform motor actions in the shortest possible time. The development of the speed of integral movements is associated with the improvement of other physical qualities and techniques. Quickness and speed are different characteristics of human motor function. The speed of movements is a general property of the central nervous system, which manifests itself in motor reactions and movements with unloaded limbs. Speed ​​is the ultimate characteristic of sports movement. In sprint distances in running, skating, cycling, swimming, the speed of muscle contraction plays a role, but is not decisive. In other sports (hockey, boxing, karate, fencing), the speed of muscle contraction is a key, but not the only necessary quality. In addition, in these species, this quality is directly related to the reaction rate. The greatest increase in speed as a result of training is observed in children from 9 to 12 years old, and the maximum values ​​are reached at 14-15 years old.

Endurance
Endurance is the ability to perform any activity for a long time without reducing its effectiveness. Endurance is based on the development of the cardio-respiratory system (heart, blood and lungs), so the development of endurance is also the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the future. Sports that require great endurance from athletes include all cyclic sports in which physical activity lasts a relatively long time: stayer and marathon distances in running, walking, cycling, cross-country skiing and biathlon, swimming, speed skating, orienteering , triathlon and decathlon. When starting training in these sports, one must immediately tune in to a lot of hard work related to cultivating the ability of strong-willed resistance to fatigue (patience) not only during the competitive, but also training activities. In accordance with the requirements, young athletes of these sports primarily develop general endurance and extraordinary willpower.
The sensitive period for the development of endurance begins with the beginning of the growth spurt (see Figure 1). The sensitive period for aerobic capacity lasts until the onset of the maximum growth spurt (PHV). For aerobic power, the sensitive period, on the contrary, occurs after PHV until the decline in growth rates.

Strength
Strength is the ability to overcome external resistance or counteract it with muscle tension. Force abilities are divided into several types, the most important of which are maximum strength and explosive strength, as a subtype of speed-strength capabilities, characterized by maximum power. Exactly maximum power most in demand in most sports - in track and field throwing (javelin, discus, hammer), shot put, jumping, weightlifting, in various types of wrestling. In sprint distances in running, skating, skiing, cycling, swimming. Slow (isotonic) and static strength are required in gymnastics, climbing. The sensitive period for the development of strength begins after the maximum of the growth spurt: from 12 to 17 years.

Martial arts, team sports, all-around

The group of martial arts includes boxing, kickboxing, wrestling (classical, freestyle, sambo, judo), oriental and national martial arts (karate, kudo, wushu, taekwondo, Thai boxing, Brazilian jau-jitsu, etc.), fencing. This group of sports is characterized by direct contact opposition of rival athletes. Fights are a physical and psychological confrontation that requires active manifestation of strong-willed qualities, initiative, self-control. In the process of sports improvement, general and special endurance, strength qualities of the main muscle groups and their speed develop, especially in percussion martial arts, the efficiency and productivity of sensory-motor processes, including the reaction speed, increase. Combat sports develop self-confidence, give basic self-defense skills. All types of percussion martial arts are of applied importance in all power structures.

Sports improvement in game disciplines contributes to the harmonious education of all the basic physical qualities of those involved. Under the influence of systematic playing sports, the functions of the vestibular apparatus, coordination and balance improve, and rapid changes in body position are better tolerated, the accuracy of movements improves, peripheral vision develops, and the ability to distinguish spatial perceptions increases. Team game sports are especially conducive to the development of such positive qualities and character traits as the ability to work in a team, mutual assistance, and conscious discipline. In addition, playing sports contribute to the development of attention, memory and thinking.

All-round events have a diverse impact, require good psychophysical fitness, instill in athletes the skills of rational use of time and energy for various activities, educate them in discipline, diligence, and perseverance.

Child's age

Russian state standards in their age norms for admitting children to sports sections also rely on sensitive periods. Until 2014, SanPin 2.4.4.1251-03 existed, where in Appendix 2 there was a table of the Minimum age for enrolling children in sports schools by sports. But on July 4, 2014, it lost its force and a new SanPiN 2.4.4.3172-14 N 41 came into force, where this table is not. The standards for the minimum age of children for enrollment in sports sections migrated to the Federal standards for sports training from the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. Each sport has its own document. We looked through all the standards and compiled a summary table, as in the old SanPin, with the minimum ages for enrolling children in primary training groups.

However, one important remark should be made - the figures presented in the table do not mean that you can do nothing until the indicated age. Please note that the standards provide the standards for general and special physical training for enrollment in groups of initial training. For example, according to the standard, a boy can be enrolled in an elementary training group in artistic gymnastics from the age of 7. But in order to be enrolled, he must complete the following exercises:

• Shuttle run 2x10 m (no more than 7.1 s)
• Running 20 m (no more than 4.7 s)
• Standing long jump (at least 130 cm)
• Pull-ups from the hang on the bar (at least 5 times)
• Bending-extension of the arms in emphasis on parallel gymnastic benches(at least 8 times)
• Raising the legs from the hang gymnastic wall to the “corner” position (at least 5 times)
• Holding the “angle” position in the hang on the gymnastic wall (at least 5 s)
• Starting position - sitting, legs together Forward tilt, Fixing the position 5 counts
• Exercise "bridge" from the supine position (the distance from the feet to the fingers is not more than 30 cm, fixation 5 s)
• Mandatory technical program

Psychological qualities of the child

If your goal is the health and harmonious development of your child, then in choosing a sport for psychological qualities, you can start from the opposite. If your child is an introvert, reserved and insecure, uncommunicative or overly sensitive to the opinions of others, then team sports will help him open up and become more sociable. Various types of martial arts also require the ability to find a common language with teammates, while in cyclic sports, especially cycling, swimming, triathlon, there is absolutely no time for communication. These sports involve long monotonous work alone, so they are best suited for hyperactive children who are easily distracted from work and can hardly sit still. Cyclic views will help them become calmer, more disciplined, develop willpower and patience.

Highest sports achievements

Canadian journalist and sociologist Malcolm Gladwell analyzed a number of studies in the field of arts and sports and deduced the rule of 10,000 hours and 10 years. In his book Geniuses and Outsiders, he writes: “From numerous studies, the following picture emerges: in any field, it takes 10,000 hours of practice to achieve a level of excellence commensurate with the status of a world-class expert. Whoever you take - composers, basketball players, writers, skaters, pianists, chess players, inveterate criminals and so on - this number occurs with surprising regularity. Ten thousand hours is about three hours of practice a day, or twenty hours a week for ten years. This, of course, does not explain why some people benefit from classes more than others. But so far no one has come across a case where the highest level of skill would be achieved in less time. One gets the impression that this is exactly how long it takes the brain to absorb all the necessary information.”

However, the future champion on this long journey is waiting for a lot of obstacles that may not allow him to complete his journey, 10,000 hours long. These are, first of all, injuries, health problems of a different nature, psychological problems and a number of others. Therefore, choosing the highest sports achievements as the goal, parents should think with all responsibility and take all the risks associated with achieving this goal. For example, in Canada, the birthplace of ice hockey, only 1 out of 4,000 (0.025%) children will ever get into the NHL, and only 5 out of 4,000 (0.1%) young hockey players will receive a higher sports education in the future. Comprehensive testing and definition strengths allow your child to reduce the likelihood of a mistake, the cost of which is quite high.

If you have consciously decided to raise a future world champion, then you must understand that success on the world stage cannot be achieved without talent. At the beginning of the last century, when competition in sports was low, it was possible to become a champion only due to “plowing” in training. And now no one has canceled the labor factor, but you need to understand that for one place Olympic champion millions of people involved in this sport apply, and all of them do not beat the buckets in training. Consequently, genes come into play, up to 70% determining the future champion in individual sports, and up to 50% in team sports. The combination of ideal genetic parameters that indicate the development of physical and mental qualities can predetermine the appearance of a champion in a particular sport.

Coaches and sports scientists have long noticed that the parents of high-class athletes are usually more developed both physically and functionally than other people around them, and often have experience in high-performance sports. A child in a family where one of the parents was seriously involved in sports is 50% predisposed to becoming an outstanding athlete. Provided that both parents were professionally involved in approximately the same sport, the likelihood that their child will be successful in sports rises to 75%.

Sports genetics

epigenetics

The activity of many genes that influence behavior depends on external circumstances, so your child's heredity does not program his fate. In response to various environmental influences, the body carries out so-called epigenetic modifications, which can block or unblock a section of DNA, producing chemical changes (methylation) so that the protein encoded in this gene cannot be formed or, on the contrary, begins to be formed. When DNA is copied during cell division, epigenetic modifications are also copied, so all subsequent generations of cells retain this information. These changes can even be inherited. In this way, life experience can be transformed into permanent genetic modification. For example, prenatal and early postpartum nutrition can affect a baby's fat metabolism and the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer in adulthood. We dare to speculate that sensitive periods are also epigenetic in nature. This means that although outstanding physical qualities can be programmed in the genome, the change in the activity of the genes involved in them occurs through external influences. In other words, your child's genetic talent must be activated during a certain sensitive period, otherwise the "brilliant genes" may become "rusted" and never wake up.

With the help of modern genetic analysis, you can understand what kind of sport your child is predisposed to. According to experts, every healthy young person is able to reach level I of the adult sports category, at least if his genetic predisposition to the sport has been correctly determined. Today, genetic technologies have reached such a level that such analysis has become available to everyone.

At the moment, more than 50 genetic markers have been discovered, which evaluate four physical qualities (strength, speed, endurance and muscle mass) and predisposition of a person to certain diseases and developmental pathologies due to increased physical activity. The analysis allows, with a certain degree of probability, to evaluate people according to the degree of predisposition to various types of motor activity and, based on this, to recommend a particular sport.

Any genetic analysis is comparative. In our country, it is done specifically for the Russian population. To determine the upper level, studies were conducted in a group of elite Russian athletes from different types sports. To determine the average level, the average score for the Russian population as a whole was calculated. The development potential of a particular physical quality is assessed in points by comparing the data of a person's genetic analysis with those of elite athletes and the general population. "High susceptibility" means that genetic analysis has found values ​​similar to those of elite athletes. "Above average" - a score lower than that of elite athletes, but higher than the general population. "Average propensity" - coincidence with the average value for the population. "Below average" - below the average for the population.

The Psychology of a Champion

Considering the physical qualities and abilities of the child, one should not lose sight of his psychological characteristics. Psychology plays a huge role in sports performance. Personality traits will impose their limits and will guide you in choosing a sport. In the case of the highest sports achievements, it is recommended to look for a sport that does not cause psychological discomfort in the child. If the child is easily distracted from work, and then quickly joins in it, if he is sociable with others, emotional in conversation, playing sports or martial arts will be preferable for him. If he is assiduous, concentrated in work and inclined to homogeneous activities without constant switching of attention, if he is able to perform physically hard work for a long time, then long running, skiing, swimming, cycling are suitable for him. (For example, the outstanding swimmer of our time, Michael Phelps, is just such an introvert. As a child, he was diagnosed with autism). If a child is withdrawn, uncommunicative, unsure of himself or overly sensitive to the opinions of others, he should not be constantly engaged in groups. Team game types are probably not for him. Or he should choose a suitable role, for example, a goalkeeper. All sports related to the competition in speed and endurance ( Athletics, skiing, swimming, cycling) allow the athlete to retire, close in on himself for the duration of the distance. Closed people are characterized by the creation of a narrow circle of close people around themselves, so such children can also be recommended sports with the choice of one permanent partner (sports dancing, pair skating, pair synchronized swimming, pair diving, etc.).

Psychology is closely related to physiology. For example, high anxiety is physiologically expressed in the fact that such people release adrenaline into the blood very quickly and efficiently. This makes them the best in running. It is known that sprinters directly at the start use various psychological techniques to induce a state of fear in themselves. Those who do this more efficiently are able to achieve truly fantastic speeds. And for martial arts, on the contrary, such a quality will not allow a person to achieve significant success. In a word, there are no bad physiological qualities, there is a misinterpretation and application of them.

One must be able to distinguish healthy aggressiveness, which is characterized as the physiological ability of the nervous system to quickly enter a state of excitement, which is useful in martial arts, from hostility, which manifests itself in aggressive behavior in society. Children with signs of hostility are especially in need of proper physical education, focusing on a humane and extremely respectful attitude towards an opponent. It is not for nothing that so much attention is paid to these issues in martial arts.

Sports training of a successful athlete

Genetics is not a complete guarantee of success. A competent system of multi-year sports training. If you have entrusted your child to a good coach, who will not strive to make a champion out of a child here and now, but will be focused on long-term results, then he will consistently develop the physical qualities of a future champion in accordance with sensitive periods. However, this approach is not common. Perhaps one of the reasons lies in the system of remuneration for coaches, when salary bonuses are charged for the achievements of pupils here and now, which does not allow them to work in the long term. In this case, parents can be advised to use a multi-sport strategy. Let's say your child plays football, you understand that now he needs to develop the qualities of endurance, but football coach does not. Alternatively, you can give it additionally to the section athletics, where they will work on his endurance and teach him how to run correctly, which will be very useful for a football player. Or your child is engaged in martial arts, it's time to develop strength and power. You can take him to the weightlifting section, where he will not only develop the necessary qualities, but also master correct technique barbell work. Again, try to avoid early sports specialization, where possible and justified, do not rush to load the child 5 days a week with a chosen sport. At the initial stages, diversity is necessary, this will prevent professional burnout and injury. For example, if you plan to raise a judo champion and think about it from the very birth of your son, this does not mean that he should be sent to martial arts school from the age of 6. It is better to spend this time on other sports (gymnastics, swimming, athletics), which will harmoniously develop your son and he will come to judo already physically prepared and in a few years will catch up and overtake his peers who have been practicing since 6 years.

From all of the above, it follows that the successful choice of a sport is a task with several variables. You should decide on the purpose of these classes, after which, based on your capabilities and the availability of sections, develop the most effective program practicing various sports according to the sensitive periods, psychological characteristics and preferences of your child. Be ready to try more than one sports section before you find what you and your child like.

References

• A. E. Belanov. Sport. Individual choice of sports or systems exercise. Teaching aid for universities. department physical education Voronezh State University. 2007 .
• Akhmerova K.Sh., Miroshnikova Yu.V., Vyhodets I.T., Kurashvili V.A. Training of young athletes abroad: organizational and legal foundations, medical and scientific and methodological support: monograph. - M.: RASMIRBI, 2015. - 218 p.
• Vasiliev Oleg. How much and how to train? Gymnastics, 2015, No. 2 (24), pp. 38-39.
• Amodt S., Wong S. How to develop a child's brain so that he becomes smart and successful. - M.: Eksmo. 2014 . page 40
• Human Physiology: A Textbook for Universities in Physics. culture and faculties of physics. education of pedagogical sciences / Under the general. ed. IN AND. Tkhorevsky. - Moscow: Physical culture, education and science, 2001 Istvan Balyi, Richard Way et al. Canadian Sport for Life - Long-Term Athlete Development Resource Paper 2.0. Canadian Sport Institute-Pacific 2014 . pp. 31-32

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